Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of remittances globally and has substantial remittance inflow fluctuations; thus, finding the remittance–gross domestic product (GDP) ratio threshold is expedient. This study examined the macroeconomic impacts of emigrant remittances in Pakistan using a vect...

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Main Authors: Hiroyuki Taguchi, Bushra Batool
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Economies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/6/156
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author Hiroyuki Taguchi
Bushra Batool
author_facet Hiroyuki Taguchi
Bushra Batool
author_sort Hiroyuki Taguchi
collection DOAJ
description Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of remittances globally and has substantial remittance inflow fluctuations; thus, finding the remittance–gross domestic product (GDP) ratio threshold is expedient. This study examined the macroeconomic impacts of emigrant remittances in Pakistan using a vector autoregressive estimation framework and investigated the threshold of the remittance–GDP ratio that has real effects on the economy in terms of Dutch Disease and capital accumulation. The empirical results showed that, regarding the Dutch Disease effect, a remittance–GDP ratio greater than 6% leads to a decrease in the manufacturing–services ratio, whereas as for the capital accumulation effect, a remittance–GDP ratio greater than 5% leads to a decrease in the investment–consumption ratio. These outcomes suggested that emigrants’ remittance inflows in Pakistan that exceed certain levels relative to the GDP aggravate industrialisation (Dutch Disease effect) and capital accumulation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2227-7099
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Economies
spelling doaj-art-466159eaffed4a949fc03db264ae15a42025-08-20T03:24:32ZengMDPI AGEconomies2227-70992025-06-0113615610.3390/economies13060156Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in PakistanHiroyuki Taguchi0Bushra Batool1Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, JapanGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, JapanPakistan is one of the largest recipients of remittances globally and has substantial remittance inflow fluctuations; thus, finding the remittance–gross domestic product (GDP) ratio threshold is expedient. This study examined the macroeconomic impacts of emigrant remittances in Pakistan using a vector autoregressive estimation framework and investigated the threshold of the remittance–GDP ratio that has real effects on the economy in terms of Dutch Disease and capital accumulation. The empirical results showed that, regarding the Dutch Disease effect, a remittance–GDP ratio greater than 6% leads to a decrease in the manufacturing–services ratio, whereas as for the capital accumulation effect, a remittance–GDP ratio greater than 5% leads to a decrease in the investment–consumption ratio. These outcomes suggested that emigrants’ remittance inflows in Pakistan that exceed certain levels relative to the GDP aggravate industrialisation (Dutch Disease effect) and capital accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/6/156Pakistanemigrant’s remittancesDutch Diseasecapital accumulationvector auto-regressive estimationremittance–GDP ratio
spellingShingle Hiroyuki Taguchi
Bushra Batool
Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan
Economies
Pakistan
emigrant’s remittances
Dutch Disease
capital accumulation
vector auto-regressive estimation
remittance–GDP ratio
title Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan
title_full Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan
title_fullStr Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan
title_short Threshold Effects of Emigrant’s Remittances on Dutch Disease and Economic Growth in Pakistan
title_sort threshold effects of emigrant s remittances on dutch disease and economic growth in pakistan
topic Pakistan
emigrant’s remittances
Dutch Disease
capital accumulation
vector auto-regressive estimation
remittance–GDP ratio
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/6/156
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