Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.

Genetic triggers for sex determination are frequently co-inherited with other linked genes that may also influence one or more sex-specific phenotypes. To better understand how sex-limited regions evolve and function, we studied a small W chromosome-specific region of the frog Xenopus laevis that co...

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Main Authors: Caroline M S Cauret, Danielle C Jordan, Lindsey M Kukoly, Sarah R Burton, Emmanuela U Anele, Jacek M Kwiecien, Marie-Theres Gansauge, Sinthu Senthillmohan, Eli Greenbaum, Matthias Meyer, Marko E Horb, Ben J Evans
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2023-10-01
Series:PLoS Genetics
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010990&type=printable
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author Caroline M S Cauret
Danielle C Jordan
Lindsey M Kukoly
Sarah R Burton
Emmanuela U Anele
Jacek M Kwiecien
Marie-Theres Gansauge
Sinthu Senthillmohan
Eli Greenbaum
Matthias Meyer
Marko E Horb
Ben J Evans
author_facet Caroline M S Cauret
Danielle C Jordan
Lindsey M Kukoly
Sarah R Burton
Emmanuela U Anele
Jacek M Kwiecien
Marie-Theres Gansauge
Sinthu Senthillmohan
Eli Greenbaum
Matthias Meyer
Marko E Horb
Ben J Evans
author_sort Caroline M S Cauret
collection DOAJ
description Genetic triggers for sex determination are frequently co-inherited with other linked genes that may also influence one or more sex-specific phenotypes. To better understand how sex-limited regions evolve and function, we studied a small W chromosome-specific region of the frog Xenopus laevis that contains only three genes (dm-w, scan-w, ccdc69-w) and that drives female differentiation. Using gene editing, we found that the sex-determining function of this region requires dm-w but that scan-w and ccdc69-w are not essential for viability, female development, or fertility. Analysis of mesonephros+gonad transcriptomes during sexual differentiation illustrates masculinization of the dm-w knockout transcriptome, and identifies mostly non-overlapping sets of differentially expressed genes in separate knockout lines for each of these three W-specific gene compared to wildtype sisters. Capture sequencing of almost all Xenopus species and PCR surveys indicate that the female-determining function of dm-w is present in only a subset of species that carry this gene. These findings map out a dynamic evolutionary history of a newly evolved W chromosome-specific genomic region, whose components have distinctive functions that frequently degraded during Xenopus diversification, and evidence the evolutionary consequences of recombination suppression.
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issn 1553-7390
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publishDate 2023-10-01
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series PLoS Genetics
spelling doaj-art-465784cb75084680b3feb3411cf0b30b2025-08-20T03:25:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042023-10-011910e101099010.1371/journal.pgen.1010990Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.Caroline M S CauretDanielle C JordanLindsey M KukolySarah R BurtonEmmanuela U AneleJacek M KwiecienMarie-Theres GansaugeSinthu SenthillmohanEli GreenbaumMatthias MeyerMarko E HorbBen J EvansGenetic triggers for sex determination are frequently co-inherited with other linked genes that may also influence one or more sex-specific phenotypes. To better understand how sex-limited regions evolve and function, we studied a small W chromosome-specific region of the frog Xenopus laevis that contains only three genes (dm-w, scan-w, ccdc69-w) and that drives female differentiation. Using gene editing, we found that the sex-determining function of this region requires dm-w but that scan-w and ccdc69-w are not essential for viability, female development, or fertility. Analysis of mesonephros+gonad transcriptomes during sexual differentiation illustrates masculinization of the dm-w knockout transcriptome, and identifies mostly non-overlapping sets of differentially expressed genes in separate knockout lines for each of these three W-specific gene compared to wildtype sisters. Capture sequencing of almost all Xenopus species and PCR surveys indicate that the female-determining function of dm-w is present in only a subset of species that carry this gene. These findings map out a dynamic evolutionary history of a newly evolved W chromosome-specific genomic region, whose components have distinctive functions that frequently degraded during Xenopus diversification, and evidence the evolutionary consequences of recombination suppression.https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010990&type=printable
spellingShingle Caroline M S Cauret
Danielle C Jordan
Lindsey M Kukoly
Sarah R Burton
Emmanuela U Anele
Jacek M Kwiecien
Marie-Theres Gansauge
Sinthu Senthillmohan
Eli Greenbaum
Matthias Meyer
Marko E Horb
Ben J Evans
Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
PLoS Genetics
title Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
title_full Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
title_fullStr Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
title_full_unstemmed Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
title_short Functional dissection and assembly of a small, newly evolved, W chromosome-specific genomic region of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
title_sort functional dissection and assembly of a small newly evolved w chromosome specific genomic region of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis
url https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010990&type=printable
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