Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity
Usutu (USUV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are two closely related Flavivirus belonging to Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup. Evidence of increased circulation of these two arboviruses now exist in Europe. Neurological disorders are reported in humans mainly for WNV, despite the fact that the inte...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2156815 |
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| author | Orianne Constant Ghizlane Maarifi Jonathan Barthelemy Marie-France Martin Bachirou Tinto Giovanni Savini Philippe Van de Perre Sébastien Nisole Yannick Simonin Sara Salinas |
| author_facet | Orianne Constant Ghizlane Maarifi Jonathan Barthelemy Marie-France Martin Bachirou Tinto Giovanni Savini Philippe Van de Perre Sébastien Nisole Yannick Simonin Sara Salinas |
| author_sort | Orianne Constant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Usutu (USUV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are two closely related Flavivirus belonging to Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup. Evidence of increased circulation of these two arboviruses now exist in Europe. Neurological disorders are reported in humans mainly for WNV, despite the fact that the interaction and effects of viral infections on the neurovasculature are poorly described, notably for USUV. Using a human in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) and a mouse model, this study characterizes and compares the cerebral endothelial cell permissiveness, innate immunity and inflammatory responses and immune cell recruitment during infection by USUV and WNV. Both viruses are able to infect and cross the human BBB but with different consequences. We observed that WNV infects BBB cells resulting in significant endothelium impairment, potent neuroinflammation and immune cell recruitment, in agreement with previous studies. USUV, despite being able to infect BBB cells with higher replication rate than WNV, does not strongly affect endothelium integrity. Importantly, USUV also induces neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment such as T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) and was able to infect dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently compared to WNV, with greater propensity for BBB recruitment. DCs may have differential roles for neuroinvasion of the two related viruses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-464f8757a2bd4da985bb9661e610a80f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-464f8757a2bd4da985bb9661e610a80f2025-08-20T01:49:09ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2022.2156815Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrityOrianne Constant0Ghizlane Maarifi1Jonathan Barthelemy2Marie-France Martin3Bachirou Tinto4Giovanni Savini5Philippe Van de Perre6Sébastien Nisole7Yannick Simonin8Sara Salinas9Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, FranceCNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, FranceCNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, FranceIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZS-Teramo), Teramo, ItalyPathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, FranceCNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, FrancePathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, FranceUsutu (USUV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are two closely related Flavivirus belonging to Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup. Evidence of increased circulation of these two arboviruses now exist in Europe. Neurological disorders are reported in humans mainly for WNV, despite the fact that the interaction and effects of viral infections on the neurovasculature are poorly described, notably for USUV. Using a human in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) and a mouse model, this study characterizes and compares the cerebral endothelial cell permissiveness, innate immunity and inflammatory responses and immune cell recruitment during infection by USUV and WNV. Both viruses are able to infect and cross the human BBB but with different consequences. We observed that WNV infects BBB cells resulting in significant endothelium impairment, potent neuroinflammation and immune cell recruitment, in agreement with previous studies. USUV, despite being able to infect BBB cells with higher replication rate than WNV, does not strongly affect endothelium integrity. Importantly, USUV also induces neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment such as T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) and was able to infect dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently compared to WNV, with greater propensity for BBB recruitment. DCs may have differential roles for neuroinvasion of the two related viruses.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2156815Usutu virusWest-Nile virusblood-brain barrierinnate immunityneuro-inflammationleukocytes |
| spellingShingle | Orianne Constant Ghizlane Maarifi Jonathan Barthelemy Marie-France Martin Bachirou Tinto Giovanni Savini Philippe Van de Perre Sébastien Nisole Yannick Simonin Sara Salinas Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity Emerging Microbes and Infections Usutu virus West-Nile virus blood-brain barrier innate immunity neuro-inflammation leukocytes |
| title | Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity |
| title_full | Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity |
| title_fullStr | Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity |
| title_short | Differential effects of Usutu and West Nile viruses on neuroinflammation, immune cell recruitment and blood–brain barrier integrity |
| title_sort | differential effects of usutu and west nile viruses on neuroinflammation immune cell recruitment and blood brain barrier integrity |
| topic | Usutu virus West-Nile virus blood-brain barrier innate immunity neuro-inflammation leukocytes |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2156815 |
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