Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine
Triclosan (TCS), a synthesized chlorinated phenolic compound, is commonly utilized in consumable products as an antimicrobial agent. TCS has sparked widespread awareness because of its toxicity and possible negative effect on public health in recent years. In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6684834 |
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| author | Prince Karikari James Oppong-Kyekyeku Edmund Ekuadzi Samuel Oppong Bekoe Rita Opoku Daniel Nimako Amprako Emmanuel Addo-Yobo Sandra Kwarteng Owusu Bernard Arhin Adegoke G. Falade Ganiyu Arinola Adeleye S. Bakarey John I. Anetor Kevin J. Mortimer |
| author_facet | Prince Karikari James Oppong-Kyekyeku Edmund Ekuadzi Samuel Oppong Bekoe Rita Opoku Daniel Nimako Amprako Emmanuel Addo-Yobo Sandra Kwarteng Owusu Bernard Arhin Adegoke G. Falade Ganiyu Arinola Adeleye S. Bakarey John I. Anetor Kevin J. Mortimer |
| author_sort | Prince Karikari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triclosan (TCS), a synthesized chlorinated phenolic compound, is commonly utilized in consumable products as an antimicrobial agent. TCS has sparked widespread awareness because of its toxicity and possible negative effect on public health in recent years. In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and cost-effective isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled with solid-phase extraction for analysis of triclosan in human urine samples was developed. The method utilized methanol and water in a ratio of 90 : 10 as the mobile phase on a Phenomenex Luna 3 µm C18(2) 100 Å, 150 × 4.60 mm stationary phase, with a runtime of 5 minutes. The method showed good resolution of triclosan in the presence of the sample matrix. Validation of the method was performed according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Linearity was tested over a range of 0.00625 µg/mL to 6.4 µg/mL, as accuracy recorded a recovery of 89.25%, 91.0%, and 92.75%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained to be 0.0173 µg/mL and 0.0525 µg/mL, respectively. The method proved to be robust over a temperature range of 26°C, 30°C, and 35°C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 1.5 ml. The developed method was employed to detect and quantify triclosan in 153 urine samples, comprising 60 samples from Ibadan, Nigeria, and 93 samples from Kumasi, Ghana. Triclosan was detected in a total of 52 samples with an average content of 0.054588 µg/ml. This method can therefore be used for the routine analysis of triclosan in urine samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-46191bac00a046cbb836daa9a9e7a812 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-46191bac00a046cbb836daa9a9e7a8122025-02-03T05:57:01ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90712023-01-01202310.1155/2023/6684834Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human UrinePrince Karikari0James Oppong-Kyekyeku1Edmund Ekuadzi2Samuel Oppong Bekoe3Rita Opoku4Daniel Nimako Amprako5Emmanuel Addo-Yobo6Sandra Kwarteng Owusu7Bernard Arhin8Adegoke G. Falade9Ganiyu Arinola10Adeleye S. Bakarey11John I. Anetor12Kevin J. Mortimer13Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryDepartment of PharmacognosyDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryCentral LaboratoryCentral LaboratoryDepartment of Child HealthDepartment of Child HealthChild Health DirectorateDepartment of PaediatricsDepartment of ImmunologyInstitute for Advanced Medical Research & Training (IAMRAT)Department of Chemical PathologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineTriclosan (TCS), a synthesized chlorinated phenolic compound, is commonly utilized in consumable products as an antimicrobial agent. TCS has sparked widespread awareness because of its toxicity and possible negative effect on public health in recent years. In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and cost-effective isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled with solid-phase extraction for analysis of triclosan in human urine samples was developed. The method utilized methanol and water in a ratio of 90 : 10 as the mobile phase on a Phenomenex Luna 3 µm C18(2) 100 Å, 150 × 4.60 mm stationary phase, with a runtime of 5 minutes. The method showed good resolution of triclosan in the presence of the sample matrix. Validation of the method was performed according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Linearity was tested over a range of 0.00625 µg/mL to 6.4 µg/mL, as accuracy recorded a recovery of 89.25%, 91.0%, and 92.75%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained to be 0.0173 µg/mL and 0.0525 µg/mL, respectively. The method proved to be robust over a temperature range of 26°C, 30°C, and 35°C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 1.5 ml. The developed method was employed to detect and quantify triclosan in 153 urine samples, comprising 60 samples from Ibadan, Nigeria, and 93 samples from Kumasi, Ghana. Triclosan was detected in a total of 52 samples with an average content of 0.054588 µg/ml. This method can therefore be used for the routine analysis of triclosan in urine samples.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6684834 |
| spellingShingle | Prince Karikari James Oppong-Kyekyeku Edmund Ekuadzi Samuel Oppong Bekoe Rita Opoku Daniel Nimako Amprako Emmanuel Addo-Yobo Sandra Kwarteng Owusu Bernard Arhin Adegoke G. Falade Ganiyu Arinola Adeleye S. Bakarey John I. Anetor Kevin J. Mortimer Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine |
| title_full | Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine |
| title_fullStr | Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine |
| title_short | Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine |
| title_sort | development and validation of an rp hplc method for the quantitative analysis of triclosan in human urine |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6684834 |
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