Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors
In the growing field of personalized medicine, non-invasive wearable devices and sensors are valuable diagnostic tools for the real-time monitoring of physiological and biokinetic signals. Among all the possible multiple (bio)-entities, pH is important in defining health-related biological informati...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/2008 |
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| author | Giulia Massaglia Giacomo Spisni Tommaso Serra Marzia Quaglio |
| author_facet | Giulia Massaglia Giacomo Spisni Tommaso Serra Marzia Quaglio |
| author_sort | Giulia Massaglia |
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| description | In the growing field of personalized medicine, non-invasive wearable devices and sensors are valuable diagnostic tools for the real-time monitoring of physiological and biokinetic signals. Among all the possible multiple (bio)-entities, pH is important in defining health-related biological information, since its variations or alterations can be considered the cause or the effect of disease and disfunction within a biological system. In this work, an innovative (bio)-electrochemical flexible pH sensor was proposed by realizing three electrodes (working, reference, and counter) directly on a polyimide (Kapton) sheet through the implementation of CO<sub>2</sub> laser writing, which locally converts the polymeric sheet into a laser-induced graphene material (LIG electrodes), preserving inherent mechanical flexibility of Kapton. A uniform distribution of nanostructured PEDOT:PSS was deposited via ultrasonic spray coating onto an LIG working electrode as the active material for pH sensing. With a pH-sensitive PEDOT coating, this flexible sensor showed good sensitivity defined through a linear Nernstian slope of (75.6 ± 9.1) mV/pH, across a pH range from 1 to 7. We demonstrated the capability to use this flexible pH sensor during dynamic experiments, and thus concluded that this device was suitable to guarantee an immediate response and good repeatability by measuring the same OCP values in correspondence with the same pH applied. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4616132a79eb4952aa4697a8ea0b5495 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-4616132a79eb4952aa4697a8ea0b54952025-08-20T02:01:28ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-12-011424200810.3390/nano14242008Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH SensorsGiulia Massaglia0Giacomo Spisni1Tommaso Serra2Marzia Quaglio3Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyIn the growing field of personalized medicine, non-invasive wearable devices and sensors are valuable diagnostic tools for the real-time monitoring of physiological and biokinetic signals. Among all the possible multiple (bio)-entities, pH is important in defining health-related biological information, since its variations or alterations can be considered the cause or the effect of disease and disfunction within a biological system. In this work, an innovative (bio)-electrochemical flexible pH sensor was proposed by realizing three electrodes (working, reference, and counter) directly on a polyimide (Kapton) sheet through the implementation of CO<sub>2</sub> laser writing, which locally converts the polymeric sheet into a laser-induced graphene material (LIG electrodes), preserving inherent mechanical flexibility of Kapton. A uniform distribution of nanostructured PEDOT:PSS was deposited via ultrasonic spray coating onto an LIG working electrode as the active material for pH sensing. With a pH-sensitive PEDOT coating, this flexible sensor showed good sensitivity defined through a linear Nernstian slope of (75.6 ± 9.1) mV/pH, across a pH range from 1 to 7. We demonstrated the capability to use this flexible pH sensor during dynamic experiments, and thus concluded that this device was suitable to guarantee an immediate response and good repeatability by measuring the same OCP values in correspondence with the same pH applied.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/2008bio-electrochemical sensorsflexible sensorslaser-induced graphene materialultrasonic spray coatingnanostructured active materialpH sensitivity |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Massaglia Giacomo Spisni Tommaso Serra Marzia Quaglio Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors Nanomaterials bio-electrochemical sensors flexible sensors laser-induced graphene material ultrasonic spray coating nanostructured active material pH sensitivity |
| title | Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors |
| title_full | Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors |
| title_short | Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Flexible pH Sensors |
| title_sort | laser induced graphene electrodes for flexible ph sensors |
| topic | bio-electrochemical sensors flexible sensors laser-induced graphene material ultrasonic spray coating nanostructured active material pH sensitivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/2008 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giuliamassaglia laserinducedgrapheneelectrodesforflexiblephsensors AT giacomospisni laserinducedgrapheneelectrodesforflexiblephsensors AT tommasoserra laserinducedgrapheneelectrodesforflexiblephsensors AT marziaquaglio laserinducedgrapheneelectrodesforflexiblephsensors |