AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Objective Liver cancer continues to be a significant challenge among malignancies today. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the cancers that exhibits a marked upregulation of AKR1B10, an enzyme involved in cellular metabolism. The advancement of HCC treatment indicates that immunotherapy an...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Naveed Khan, Mao Binli, Hu Juan, Shi Mengjia, Wang Shunyao, Xiaosong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03017-w
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author Muhammad Naveed Khan
Mao Binli
Hu Juan
Shi Mengjia
Wang Shunyao
Xiaosong Li
author_facet Muhammad Naveed Khan
Mao Binli
Hu Juan
Shi Mengjia
Wang Shunyao
Xiaosong Li
author_sort Muhammad Naveed Khan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective Liver cancer continues to be a significant challenge among malignancies today. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the cancers that exhibits a marked upregulation of AKR1B10, an enzyme involved in cellular metabolism. The advancement of HCC treatment indicates that immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapies exhibit potential efficacy. However, the primary targets for liver cancer are not yet well-defined. Therefore, this study investigates the mechanism of AKR1B10 to assess its potential as a prognostic biomarker in liver cancer. Methods Genetic changes, genomic expression, and methylation analyses were sourced from the TCGA, CPTAC, UALCAN, HPA, cBioPortal, and MethSurv databases. The gene expression is validated by qPCR. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of AKR1B10 in LIHC was assessed using data from ROC analysis and KM-plotter. Functional analyses were performed utilizing the GeneMANIA and STRING databases, along with gene-gene and PPI networks, GO terms, and KEGG pathway analyses. The relationship with immune escape was explored through analyses conducted using the TIMER, TISIDB, and GEPIA databases. Additionally, GSCALite was utilized to analyze drug sensitivity in relation to AKR1B10 expression in tumors. Results AKR1B10 expression was found to be statistically significantly higher in HCC cells than in their corresponding normal control cells, according to qPCR analysis. ROC analysis identified AKR1B10 as a novel biomarker for diagnosing LIHC. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated AKR1B10 association with poor LIHC patient prognosis. Integrative analyses, including genetic alterations, gene-gene interactions, PPI networks, and enrichment analyses, support a novel role for AKR1B10 in HCC progression. Hypermethylation of AKR1B10 at various CpG sites was associated with improved or diminished OS in LIHC, and AKR1B10 exhibited a robust correlation with the top 25 genes that were either hypo- or hypermethylated. Furthermore, the findings indicated that AKR1B10 may affect the TME and is associated with immune checkpoints. Conclusions This study’s comprehensive analyses indicate AKR1B10 as a novel biomarker for LIHC.
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series Discover Oncology
spelling doaj-art-46148cd47bdf4a7a8ab02b2aa9d1fc312025-08-20T03:46:15ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-08-0116111910.1007/s12672-025-03017-wAKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinomaMuhammad Naveed Khan0Mao Binli1Hu Juan2Shi Mengjia3Wang Shunyao4Xiaosong Li5Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suining Central HospitalClinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityClinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityClinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Objective Liver cancer continues to be a significant challenge among malignancies today. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the cancers that exhibits a marked upregulation of AKR1B10, an enzyme involved in cellular metabolism. The advancement of HCC treatment indicates that immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapies exhibit potential efficacy. However, the primary targets for liver cancer are not yet well-defined. Therefore, this study investigates the mechanism of AKR1B10 to assess its potential as a prognostic biomarker in liver cancer. Methods Genetic changes, genomic expression, and methylation analyses were sourced from the TCGA, CPTAC, UALCAN, HPA, cBioPortal, and MethSurv databases. The gene expression is validated by qPCR. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of AKR1B10 in LIHC was assessed using data from ROC analysis and KM-plotter. Functional analyses were performed utilizing the GeneMANIA and STRING databases, along with gene-gene and PPI networks, GO terms, and KEGG pathway analyses. The relationship with immune escape was explored through analyses conducted using the TIMER, TISIDB, and GEPIA databases. Additionally, GSCALite was utilized to analyze drug sensitivity in relation to AKR1B10 expression in tumors. Results AKR1B10 expression was found to be statistically significantly higher in HCC cells than in their corresponding normal control cells, according to qPCR analysis. ROC analysis identified AKR1B10 as a novel biomarker for diagnosing LIHC. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated AKR1B10 association with poor LIHC patient prognosis. Integrative analyses, including genetic alterations, gene-gene interactions, PPI networks, and enrichment analyses, support a novel role for AKR1B10 in HCC progression. Hypermethylation of AKR1B10 at various CpG sites was associated with improved or diminished OS in LIHC, and AKR1B10 exhibited a robust correlation with the top 25 genes that were either hypo- or hypermethylated. Furthermore, the findings indicated that AKR1B10 may affect the TME and is associated with immune checkpoints. Conclusions This study’s comprehensive analyses indicate AKR1B10 as a novel biomarker for LIHC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03017-wAKR1B10BiomarkerEpigenomicsImmune escapeliver cancer
spellingShingle Muhammad Naveed Khan
Mao Binli
Hu Juan
Shi Mengjia
Wang Shunyao
Xiaosong Li
AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
Discover Oncology
AKR1B10
Biomarker
Epigenomics
Immune escape
liver cancer
title AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_full AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_fullStr AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_short AKR1B10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_sort akr1b10 as a novel prognostic biomarker linking methylation and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma
topic AKR1B10
Biomarker
Epigenomics
Immune escape
liver cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03017-w
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