Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract

The development of environmentally friendly nanomaterials has garnered significant attention due to their potential in biomedical and environmental applications. This study reports the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using Myristica fragrans leaf extract as a natural reducing and...

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Main Authors: Sajna Salim, Neethu Hari, Surabhi Sudhi, Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran Nair
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:The Microbe
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625002493
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author Sajna Salim
Neethu Hari
Surabhi Sudhi
Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran Nair
author_facet Sajna Salim
Neethu Hari
Surabhi Sudhi
Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran Nair
author_sort Sajna Salim
collection DOAJ
description The development of environmentally friendly nanomaterials has garnered significant attention due to their potential in biomedical and environmental applications. This study reports the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using Myristica fragrans leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilising agent, offering a sustainable and low-cost alternative to conventional chemical methods. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by a visible colour change and a UV–Vis absorbance peak at 292 nm, indicative of iron oxide ligand interactions. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of phenolic and hydroxyl groups in the reduction and stabilisation processes, while SEM imaging showed polydisperse, aggregated nanoparticles with irregular morphology. XRD analysis displayed a broad peak at 24.1°, indicating an amorphous structure, and zeta potential measurement (– 65.2 mV) confirmed high colloidal stability. The nanoparticles exhibited significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 40.88 µg/mL, indicating a strong radical scavenging activity. The nanoparticle exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (MTCC 1302) and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 8322), along with 85.59 % methylene blue dye removal efficiency within 180 min. The chitosan-modified IONPs demonstrated enhanced dispersibility and performance, supporting their applicability in water treatment. These findings underscore the potential of M. fragrans mediated IONPs as a multifunctional and sustainable nanomaterial for environmental remediation.
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series The Microbe
spelling doaj-art-460fde7033b140348a8da8eb8a7535c82025-08-20T03:58:40ZengElsevierThe Microbe2950-19462025-09-01810048110.1016/j.microb.2025.100481Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extractSajna Salim0Neethu Hari1Surabhi Sudhi2Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran Nair3Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Karyavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 581, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Karyavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 581, IndiaDepartment of Botany, NSS College, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689 501, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Karyavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 581, India; Corresponding author.The development of environmentally friendly nanomaterials has garnered significant attention due to their potential in biomedical and environmental applications. This study reports the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using Myristica fragrans leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilising agent, offering a sustainable and low-cost alternative to conventional chemical methods. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by a visible colour change and a UV–Vis absorbance peak at 292 nm, indicative of iron oxide ligand interactions. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of phenolic and hydroxyl groups in the reduction and stabilisation processes, while SEM imaging showed polydisperse, aggregated nanoparticles with irregular morphology. XRD analysis displayed a broad peak at 24.1°, indicating an amorphous structure, and zeta potential measurement (– 65.2 mV) confirmed high colloidal stability. The nanoparticles exhibited significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 40.88 µg/mL, indicating a strong radical scavenging activity. The nanoparticle exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (MTCC 1302) and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 8322), along with 85.59 % methylene blue dye removal efficiency within 180 min. The chitosan-modified IONPs demonstrated enhanced dispersibility and performance, supporting their applicability in water treatment. These findings underscore the potential of M. fragrans mediated IONPs as a multifunctional and sustainable nanomaterial for environmental remediation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625002493NanobiotechnologyWater remediationAntimicrobial activityAntioxidant activityDye adsorptionIron oxide nanoparticles
spellingShingle Sajna Salim
Neethu Hari
Surabhi Sudhi
Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran Nair
Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract
The Microbe
Nanobiotechnology
Water remediation
Antimicrobial activity
Antioxidant activity
Dye adsorption
Iron oxide nanoparticles
title Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract
title_full Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract
title_fullStr Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract
title_full_unstemmed Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract
title_short Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Myristica fragrans leaf extract
title_sort green synthesis characterisation and bioactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles using myristica fragrans leaf extract
topic Nanobiotechnology
Water remediation
Antimicrobial activity
Antioxidant activity
Dye adsorption
Iron oxide nanoparticles
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625002493
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AT surabhisudhi greensynthesischaracterisationandbioactivityofironoxidenanoparticlesusingmyristicafragransleafextract
AT ananthakrishnanjayakumarannair greensynthesischaracterisationandbioactivityofironoxidenanoparticlesusingmyristicafragransleafextract