Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective Although aging is associated with reduced hunger and energy intake (EI), obesity is increasing in older adults. This study aimed to identify appetite regulation differences between older adults with obesity and older adults with normal weight (NW). Methods This cross‐sectional stu...

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Main Authors: Sean J. Iwamoto, Tanya M. Halliday, Jason R. Tregellas, Kristina T. Legget, Allison K. Hild, Marc‐André Cornier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Obesity Science & Practice
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.70076
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author Sean J. Iwamoto
Tanya M. Halliday
Jason R. Tregellas
Kristina T. Legget
Allison K. Hild
Marc‐André Cornier
author_facet Sean J. Iwamoto
Tanya M. Halliday
Jason R. Tregellas
Kristina T. Legget
Allison K. Hild
Marc‐André Cornier
author_sort Sean J. Iwamoto
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective Although aging is associated with reduced hunger and energy intake (EI), obesity is increasing in older adults. This study aimed to identify appetite regulation differences between older adults with obesity and older adults with normal weight (NW). Methods This cross‐sectional study recruited older adults with obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m2) and NW (BMI < 25 kg/m2) aged 65–85 years. Fasting appetite‐related behavioral questionnaires were collected. Ghrelin, polypeptide YY [PYY], glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [GLP‐1], glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were measured fasting and every 30 min for 3 h following a test breakfast, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated. Results 13 older adults with obesity (aged 70.8 ± 4.0 years, 54% female, BMI 33.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2) and 14 with NW (aged 70.8 ± 5.3 years, 71% female, BMI 22.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were analyzed. Compared to older adults with NW, older adults with obesity had higher disinhibition and perceived hunger (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), lower confidence in preventing overeating (p < 0.05), higher fasting GLP‐1 and insulin (both p < 0.05), and higher PYY and insulin iAUCs (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion Despite similar meal‐related appetite and EI, older adults with obesity had higher fasting disinhibition, perceived hunger, GLP‐1 and insulin, higher PYY and insulin iAUCs, and lower confidence in preventing overeating than those with NW. These differences between older adults with obesity and NW have implications for tailored obesity treatments in older adults.
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spelling doaj-art-460faa5ca34a4513bee97bfac3aa0d0e2025-08-20T03:24:48ZengWileyObesity Science & Practice2055-22382025-06-01113n/an/a10.1002/osp4.70076Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional StudySean J. Iwamoto0Tanya M. Halliday1Jason R. Tregellas2Kristina T. Legget3Allison K. Hild4Marc‐André Cornier5Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USADepartment of Health and Kinesiology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USAResearch Service Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center Aurora Colorado USAResearch Service Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center Aurora Colorado USADepartment of Psychiatry University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USADivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USAABSTRACT Objective Although aging is associated with reduced hunger and energy intake (EI), obesity is increasing in older adults. This study aimed to identify appetite regulation differences between older adults with obesity and older adults with normal weight (NW). Methods This cross‐sectional study recruited older adults with obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m2) and NW (BMI < 25 kg/m2) aged 65–85 years. Fasting appetite‐related behavioral questionnaires were collected. Ghrelin, polypeptide YY [PYY], glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [GLP‐1], glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were measured fasting and every 30 min for 3 h following a test breakfast, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated. Results 13 older adults with obesity (aged 70.8 ± 4.0 years, 54% female, BMI 33.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2) and 14 with NW (aged 70.8 ± 5.3 years, 71% female, BMI 22.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were analyzed. Compared to older adults with NW, older adults with obesity had higher disinhibition and perceived hunger (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), lower confidence in preventing overeating (p < 0.05), higher fasting GLP‐1 and insulin (both p < 0.05), and higher PYY and insulin iAUCs (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion Despite similar meal‐related appetite and EI, older adults with obesity had higher fasting disinhibition, perceived hunger, GLP‐1 and insulin, higher PYY and insulin iAUCs, and lower confidence in preventing overeating than those with NW. These differences between older adults with obesity and NW have implications for tailored obesity treatments in older adults.https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.70076agingappetiteenergy intakeobesityolder adults
spellingShingle Sean J. Iwamoto
Tanya M. Halliday
Jason R. Tregellas
Kristina T. Legget
Allison K. Hild
Marc‐André Cornier
Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Obesity Science & Practice
aging
appetite
energy intake
obesity
older adults
title Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
title_full Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
title_fullStr Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
title_short Impact of Obesity on Appetite‐Related Behaviors and Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
title_sort impact of obesity on appetite related behaviors and biomarkers in older adults a cross sectional study
topic aging
appetite
energy intake
obesity
older adults
url https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.70076
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