Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities

Abstract Swallowing dysfunction, or dysphagia, is a critical concern among older residents in long-term care facilities because it contributes to malnutrition and increased frailty. Oral hypofunction, characterized by a decline in oral function, is recognized as a precursor to oral dysfunction. This...

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Main Authors: Chih-Hung Ko, Ming-Chu Feng, Chia-Ling Chao, Chih-Hsing Hung, Meng-Ling Hou, Ming-Feng Wu, Sheng-Hsiu Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05403-4
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author Chih-Hung Ko
Ming-Chu Feng
Chia-Ling Chao
Chih-Hsing Hung
Meng-Ling Hou
Ming-Feng Wu
Sheng-Hsiu Wu
author_facet Chih-Hung Ko
Ming-Chu Feng
Chia-Ling Chao
Chih-Hsing Hung
Meng-Ling Hou
Ming-Feng Wu
Sheng-Hsiu Wu
author_sort Chih-Hung Ko
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Swallowing dysfunction, or dysphagia, is a critical concern among older residents in long-term care facilities because it contributes to malnutrition and increased frailty. Oral hypofunction, characterized by a decline in oral function, is recognized as a precursor to oral dysfunction. This study investigated the prevalence of oral hypofunction and assessed the effectiveness of oral health education and oral exercises in improving oral function. A total of 295 participants from seven long-term care facilities in Taiwan were recruited for this study, and they underwent comprehensive assessments. The key domains assessed were oral health, swallowing function, nutritional status, and frailty. The interventions included oral hygiene education and tongue–lip exercises, which were administered over a 6-month period. Outcomes such as swallowing function, oral health, tongue pressure, tongue–lip motor function, nutritional status, grip strength, and cheek bulging were measured at three time points. The prevalence of oral hypofunction in the participants was 58.3%. The intervention led to significant improvements in swallowing function 6 months later and in oral hygiene and tongue–lip motor function 3 months later in the participants with oral hypofunction. Additionally, in the oral hypofunction group, nutritional status and cheek bulging function were notably improved after 6 months. Oral hygiene education and oral exercises were demonstrated to effectively enhance swallowing function, oral hygiene, and tongue–lip motor function in older residents with oral hypofunction, thereby improving their nutritional status. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving oral function in long-term care settings.
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spelling doaj-art-460dc6caab5a40248ea6af08554fe6f02025-08-20T03:03:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-05403-4Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilitiesChih-Hung Ko0Ming-Chu Feng1Chia-Ling Chao2Chih-Hsing Hung3Meng-Ling Hou4Ming-Feng Wu5Sheng-Hsiu Wu6Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityDepartment of Nursing, Fooyin UniversityMultidisciplinary Swallowing Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityMultidisciplinary Swallowing Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityMultidisciplinary Swallowing Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityAbstract Swallowing dysfunction, or dysphagia, is a critical concern among older residents in long-term care facilities because it contributes to malnutrition and increased frailty. Oral hypofunction, characterized by a decline in oral function, is recognized as a precursor to oral dysfunction. This study investigated the prevalence of oral hypofunction and assessed the effectiveness of oral health education and oral exercises in improving oral function. A total of 295 participants from seven long-term care facilities in Taiwan were recruited for this study, and they underwent comprehensive assessments. The key domains assessed were oral health, swallowing function, nutritional status, and frailty. The interventions included oral hygiene education and tongue–lip exercises, which were administered over a 6-month period. Outcomes such as swallowing function, oral health, tongue pressure, tongue–lip motor function, nutritional status, grip strength, and cheek bulging were measured at three time points. The prevalence of oral hypofunction in the participants was 58.3%. The intervention led to significant improvements in swallowing function 6 months later and in oral hygiene and tongue–lip motor function 3 months later in the participants with oral hypofunction. Additionally, in the oral hypofunction group, nutritional status and cheek bulging function were notably improved after 6 months. Oral hygiene education and oral exercises were demonstrated to effectively enhance swallowing function, oral hygiene, and tongue–lip motor function in older residents with oral hypofunction, thereby improving their nutritional status. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving oral function in long-term care settings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05403-4Swallowing dysfunctionOral hypofunctionOral hygieneOral exerciseNutritional status
spellingShingle Chih-Hung Ko
Ming-Chu Feng
Chia-Ling Chao
Chih-Hsing Hung
Meng-Ling Hou
Ming-Feng Wu
Sheng-Hsiu Wu
Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
Scientific Reports
Swallowing dysfunction
Oral hypofunction
Oral hygiene
Oral exercise
Nutritional status
title Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
title_full Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
title_fullStr Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
title_full_unstemmed Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
title_short Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
title_sort effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long term care facilities
topic Swallowing dysfunction
Oral hypofunction
Oral hygiene
Oral exercise
Nutritional status
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05403-4
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