Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio

Category: Hindfoot; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The Zadek osteotomy (ZO) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for patients with Haglund deformity and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy (IAT). Radiographic measurements are one method of diagnostic criteria that have been utilized to defi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sarah Hall BA, Oliver Schipper MD, A. Holly Johnson MD, Jonathan Kaplan MD, J. Benjamin Jackson MD, MBA, Ettore Vulcano MD, Tyler Gonzalez MD, MBA
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2024-12-01
Series:Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/2473011424S00266
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846110746838040576
author Sarah Hall BA
Oliver Schipper MD
A. Holly Johnson MD
Jonathan Kaplan MD
J. Benjamin Jackson MD, MBA
Ettore Vulcano MD
Tyler Gonzalez MD, MBA
author_facet Sarah Hall BA
Oliver Schipper MD
A. Holly Johnson MD
Jonathan Kaplan MD
J. Benjamin Jackson MD, MBA
Ettore Vulcano MD
Tyler Gonzalez MD, MBA
author_sort Sarah Hall BA
collection DOAJ
description Category: Hindfoot; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The Zadek osteotomy (ZO) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for patients with Haglund deformity and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy (IAT). Radiographic measurements are one method of diagnostic criteria that have been utilized to define a more specific patient cohort that is a superior candidate for Zadek intervention. Tourné et al. most recently proposed an X/Y < 2.5 to define candidates that will benefit from the Zadek. However, many clinicians do not consider radiographic measurements to define efficacy of ZO. Additionally, current literature is lacking a direct comparison of ZO efficacy in patients with preoperative X/Y ratios above and below Tourné’s criteria. The current study tested the hypothesis: patients with IAT, regardless of X/Y ratio, would improve in pain and physical function after ZO. Methods: This was a retrospective, multi-center study. Patients underwent ZO at two different institutions, by three different fellowship trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. 48 cases in 46 patients treated with Zadek osteotomy were included in our retrospective analysis. There were 34 cases with preoperative X/Y < 2.5 and 14 cases with preoperative radiographs measuring an X/Y > 2.5. All patients had a minimum of one-year follow-up (mean 23.24±4.82). Pain, function, and mobility PROMIS scores, VAS scores, complications, X/Y ratio measurements, and calcaneal pitch angle measurement were collected preoperatively and at final follow-up appointment. Cases were placed in cohorts based on preoperative X/Y above or below 2.5). T-tests were used to determine statistical differences following ZO. Similarly, chi-squared analysis was used to compare differences in categorical data between our groups. Results: A summary of preoperative and postoperative PROMIS scores, VAS scores, calcaneal pitch measurements, and X/Y ratios can be found in Table 1. Patients with X/Y < 2.5 demonstrated significant improvement in PROMIS pain, function, mobility scores, VAS score, calcaneal pitch angle, and X/Y ratio following ZO intervention (p< 0.05). In comparison, following ZO, patients with X/Y > 2.5 demonstrated significant improvement in PROMIS pain, VAS, and X/Y ratio (p< 0.05). However, in patients with X/Y > 2.5, preoperative VAS scores were higher (p=0.014) and improved to a significantly larger degree (p=0.006). There was one case of minor neuropathy (X/Y > 2.5); there was one patient that required revision to open debridement and repair (X/Y < 2.5). We observed a 98% rate of satisfaction overall following ZO intervention. Conclusion: Zadek osteotomy demonstrated improvement in patients’ pain and excellent patient satisfaction, regardless of their preoperative X/Y ratio on radiograph. However, patients with X/Y ratio < 2.5 did demonstrate significant improvement in patient reported function and mobility scores. Overall, a 98% satisfaction was observed following ZO in all patients. Preoperative X/Y ratio did not seem to determine success of ZO in the treatment of IAT, however, further clinical correlation is needed. to better understand differences if PROMIS physical function and mobility in terms of long-term success of the ZO.
format Article
id doaj-art-46089a78e7b34e539d2f2f77e991c75a
institution Kabale University
issn 2473-0114
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher SAGE Publishing
record_format Article
series Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
spelling doaj-art-46089a78e7b34e539d2f2f77e991c75a2024-12-23T14:05:29ZengSAGE PublishingFoot & Ankle Orthopaedics2473-01142024-12-01910.1177/2473011424S00266Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y RatioSarah Hall BAOliver Schipper MDA. Holly Johnson MDJonathan Kaplan MDJ. Benjamin Jackson MD, MBAEttore Vulcano MDTyler Gonzalez MD, MBACategory: Hindfoot; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The Zadek osteotomy (ZO) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for patients with Haglund deformity and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy (IAT). Radiographic measurements are one method of diagnostic criteria that have been utilized to define a more specific patient cohort that is a superior candidate for Zadek intervention. Tourné et al. most recently proposed an X/Y < 2.5 to define candidates that will benefit from the Zadek. However, many clinicians do not consider radiographic measurements to define efficacy of ZO. Additionally, current literature is lacking a direct comparison of ZO efficacy in patients with preoperative X/Y ratios above and below Tourné’s criteria. The current study tested the hypothesis: patients with IAT, regardless of X/Y ratio, would improve in pain and physical function after ZO. Methods: This was a retrospective, multi-center study. Patients underwent ZO at two different institutions, by three different fellowship trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. 48 cases in 46 patients treated with Zadek osteotomy were included in our retrospective analysis. There were 34 cases with preoperative X/Y < 2.5 and 14 cases with preoperative radiographs measuring an X/Y > 2.5. All patients had a minimum of one-year follow-up (mean 23.24±4.82). Pain, function, and mobility PROMIS scores, VAS scores, complications, X/Y ratio measurements, and calcaneal pitch angle measurement were collected preoperatively and at final follow-up appointment. Cases were placed in cohorts based on preoperative X/Y above or below 2.5). T-tests were used to determine statistical differences following ZO. Similarly, chi-squared analysis was used to compare differences in categorical data between our groups. Results: A summary of preoperative and postoperative PROMIS scores, VAS scores, calcaneal pitch measurements, and X/Y ratios can be found in Table 1. Patients with X/Y < 2.5 demonstrated significant improvement in PROMIS pain, function, mobility scores, VAS score, calcaneal pitch angle, and X/Y ratio following ZO intervention (p< 0.05). In comparison, following ZO, patients with X/Y > 2.5 demonstrated significant improvement in PROMIS pain, VAS, and X/Y ratio (p< 0.05). However, in patients with X/Y > 2.5, preoperative VAS scores were higher (p=0.014) and improved to a significantly larger degree (p=0.006). There was one case of minor neuropathy (X/Y > 2.5); there was one patient that required revision to open debridement and repair (X/Y < 2.5). We observed a 98% rate of satisfaction overall following ZO intervention. Conclusion: Zadek osteotomy demonstrated improvement in patients’ pain and excellent patient satisfaction, regardless of their preoperative X/Y ratio on radiograph. However, patients with X/Y ratio < 2.5 did demonstrate significant improvement in patient reported function and mobility scores. Overall, a 98% satisfaction was observed following ZO in all patients. Preoperative X/Y ratio did not seem to determine success of ZO in the treatment of IAT, however, further clinical correlation is needed. to better understand differences if PROMIS physical function and mobility in terms of long-term success of the ZO.https://doi.org/10.1177/2473011424S00266
spellingShingle Sarah Hall BA
Oliver Schipper MD
A. Holly Johnson MD
Jonathan Kaplan MD
J. Benjamin Jackson MD, MBA
Ettore Vulcano MD
Tyler Gonzalez MD, MBA
Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio
Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
title Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio
title_full Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio
title_fullStr Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio
title_full_unstemmed Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio
title_short Effective Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy with Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy, Independent of X/Y Ratio
title_sort effective treatment of insertional achilles tendinopathy with minimally invasive zadek osteotomy independent of x y ratio
url https://doi.org/10.1177/2473011424S00266
work_keys_str_mv AT sarahhallba effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio
AT oliverschippermd effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio
AT ahollyjohnsonmd effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio
AT jonathankaplanmd effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio
AT jbenjaminjacksonmdmba effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio
AT ettorevulcanomd effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio
AT tylergonzalezmdmba effectivetreatmentofinsertionalachillestendinopathywithminimallyinvasivezadekosteotomyindependentofxyratio