Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers
Abstract Background Adductor-related groin pain syndrome is the most common problem for athletes in many sports which often significantly reduces athletic performance and activity. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Modified Holmich protocol on hip adductor strength,...
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SpringerOpen
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-025-00298-8 |
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| author | Riya Gupta Aditi Singh Anu Bansal |
| author_facet | Riya Gupta Aditi Singh Anu Bansal |
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| description | Abstract Background Adductor-related groin pain syndrome is the most common problem for athletes in many sports which often significantly reduces athletic performance and activity. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Modified Holmich protocol on hip adductor strength, functional performance, and injury prevention in U-19 female footballers with groin discomfort. Methods An experimental study was conducted with a total of 34 U-19 female footballers from Olympus Sports Club in Noida. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 17) or the conventional group (n = 17). The experimental group followed the Modified Holmich protocol, while the conventional group followed a general strengthening protocol. Baseline measurements of hip adductor strength, functional performance (measured using the Edgreen Side Hop Test), and groin-related issues (assessed using the HAGOS questionnaire) were obtained. Results The Modified Holmich Protocol group showed significant strength gains (Left: 18.3 ± 2.3 to 20.4 ± 2.2; Right: 19.6 ± 2.4 to 21.1 ± 2.4; p < 0.001) and functional improvement (ESST: 10.7 ± 1.9 to 12.1 ± 1.6, p < 0.001), outperforming conventional training (ESST post: 12.1 ± 1.6 vs 10.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.01). HAGOS subscales demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements (Pain: 63.4 ± 4.2 to 69.7 ± 4.1; Symptoms: 63.8 ± 4.7 to 68.9 ± 4.0; ADL: 62.7 ± 5.6 to 70.0 ± 4.0; Sports: 67.8 ± 4.5 to 72.6 ± 3.1; all p < 0.001), confirming the protocol's effectiveness for enhancing both physical capacity and patient-reported outcomes in female footballers. Conclusion The findings suggest that the Modified Holmich protocol is effective in improving hip adductor strength, functional performance, and reducing groin-related issues in U-19 female footballers with groin discomfort. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry-India (ICMR-NIMS) registry no. CTRI/2023/02/049371. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4607f4cd57474636b0fe92637f4f2f20 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2536-9660 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-4607f4cd57474636b0fe92637f4f2f202025-08-20T02:37:58ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy2536-96602025-06-013011710.1186/s43161-025-00298-8Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballersRiya Gupta0Aditi Singh1Anu Bansal2Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Suresh Gyan Vihar UniversityDepartment of Physiotherapy, Jagannath UniversityAmity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity UniversityAbstract Background Adductor-related groin pain syndrome is the most common problem for athletes in many sports which often significantly reduces athletic performance and activity. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Modified Holmich protocol on hip adductor strength, functional performance, and injury prevention in U-19 female footballers with groin discomfort. Methods An experimental study was conducted with a total of 34 U-19 female footballers from Olympus Sports Club in Noida. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 17) or the conventional group (n = 17). The experimental group followed the Modified Holmich protocol, while the conventional group followed a general strengthening protocol. Baseline measurements of hip adductor strength, functional performance (measured using the Edgreen Side Hop Test), and groin-related issues (assessed using the HAGOS questionnaire) were obtained. Results The Modified Holmich Protocol group showed significant strength gains (Left: 18.3 ± 2.3 to 20.4 ± 2.2; Right: 19.6 ± 2.4 to 21.1 ± 2.4; p < 0.001) and functional improvement (ESST: 10.7 ± 1.9 to 12.1 ± 1.6, p < 0.001), outperforming conventional training (ESST post: 12.1 ± 1.6 vs 10.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.01). HAGOS subscales demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements (Pain: 63.4 ± 4.2 to 69.7 ± 4.1; Symptoms: 63.8 ± 4.7 to 68.9 ± 4.0; ADL: 62.7 ± 5.6 to 70.0 ± 4.0; Sports: 67.8 ± 4.5 to 72.6 ± 3.1; all p < 0.001), confirming the protocol's effectiveness for enhancing both physical capacity and patient-reported outcomes in female footballers. Conclusion The findings suggest that the Modified Holmich protocol is effective in improving hip adductor strength, functional performance, and reducing groin-related issues in U-19 female footballers with groin discomfort. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry-India (ICMR-NIMS) registry no. CTRI/2023/02/049371.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-025-00298-8Modified Holmich protocolGroin injury preventionMuscle strengtheningFunctional performanceU-19 female footballers |
| spellingShingle | Riya Gupta Aditi Singh Anu Bansal Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy Modified Holmich protocol Groin injury prevention Muscle strengthening Functional performance U-19 female footballers |
| title | Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Modified Holmich Protocol on strength, functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among U‑19 female footballers |
| title_sort | effectiveness of modified holmich protocol on strength functional performance and injury prevention of groin injuries among u 19 female footballers |
| topic | Modified Holmich protocol Groin injury prevention Muscle strengthening Functional performance U-19 female footballers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-025-00298-8 |
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