Are Exotic Monks Better at Chanting Sutras? Tension and Integration Between Performance-Based Personnel Management and Indigenous Guanxi Culture

Enhancing rural teacher agency to foster more proactive and enthusiastic teaching practices is crucial for addressing the underdeveloped state of rural education. In recent years, the introduction of performance-based personnel management, such as performance-based pay, has been a significant reform...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qian Zhao, Wen Li, Yan Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Education Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/15/3/285
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Enhancing rural teacher agency to foster more proactive and enthusiastic teaching practices is crucial for addressing the underdeveloped state of rural education. In recent years, the introduction of performance-based personnel management, such as performance-based pay, has been a significant reform initiative. This study focuses on the first county in Beijing to implement performance-based personnel management, conducting a three-year longitudinal investigation to explore how established Western management policies perform when confronted with guanxi (Chinese-style relationships) that emphasize familiarity and personal ties. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, the study analyzes three waves of longitudinal data from 516 teachers in a Beijing county, examining the impact of performance-based personnel management on teacher agency and the mediating and moderating roles of guanxi. The findings reveal that (1) Performance-based personnel management did not enhance teacher agency as anticipated. In fact, the stronger the initial guanxi among teacher groups, the more negative the policy’s impact on teacher agency. (2) Guanxi culture exerted a suppressing effect on the policy. In rural China, the indigenous guanxi culture hindered the implementation of performance-based personnel management, eroding collaborative networks among teachers and obscuring the policy’s intended positive effects. Performance-based personnel management weakened work connections among strong-guanxi groups while directly boosting the agency of weak-guanxi groups. (3) Instrumental guanxi demonstrated greater adaptability to policy changes compared to affective guanxi. Overall, externally imposed performance-based personnel management faces significant adaptive challenges within China’s deeply rooted guanxi culture. The effectiveness of such policies is constrained by their degree of alignment with local cultural and social structures. Therefore, policymakers should consider local cultural characteristics in educational policy design to enhance the adaptability and effectiveness of these policies.
ISSN:2227-7102