Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function

Flavanones, a key subclass of flavonoids, exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Predominantly found in citrus fruits, they occur in both aglycone and glycosylated forms, undergoing extensive metabolic transformation u...

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Main Authors: Natalia Cichon, Rafał Szelenberger, Maksymilian Stela, Marcin Podogrocki, Leslaw Gorniak, Michal Bijak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2203
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author Natalia Cichon
Rafał Szelenberger
Maksymilian Stela
Marcin Podogrocki
Leslaw Gorniak
Michal Bijak
author_facet Natalia Cichon
Rafał Szelenberger
Maksymilian Stela
Marcin Podogrocki
Leslaw Gorniak
Michal Bijak
author_sort Natalia Cichon
collection DOAJ
description Flavanones, a key subclass of flavonoids, exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Predominantly found in citrus fruits, they occur in both aglycone and glycosylated forms, undergoing extensive metabolic transformation upon ingestion. Recent evidence suggests that flavanones, such as naringenin and hesperidin, influence gut microbiota composition, fostering a balance between beneficial and pathogenic bacterial populations. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating the gut–brain axis, impacting cognitive function through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The modulation of the gut microbiome by flavanones has been associated with improvements in cognitive performance and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of major flavanones, their metabolic pathways, and their impact on gut microbiota and cognitive function. It covers the fundamental mechanisms through which flavanones exert their effects, as well as their potential therapeutic applications for brain health and neuroprotection. Despite promising findings, further research is needed to determine optimal dosages, strategies to enhance bioavailability, and long-term safety profiles.
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spelling doaj-art-45ed873fa48e439bad99648db077b5f12025-08-20T01:56:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013010220310.3390/molecules30102203Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive FunctionNatalia Cichon0Rafał Szelenberger1Maksymilian Stela2Marcin Podogrocki3Leslaw Gorniak4Michal Bijak5Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandBiohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandBiohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandBiohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandBiohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandBiohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandFlavanones, a key subclass of flavonoids, exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Predominantly found in citrus fruits, they occur in both aglycone and glycosylated forms, undergoing extensive metabolic transformation upon ingestion. Recent evidence suggests that flavanones, such as naringenin and hesperidin, influence gut microbiota composition, fostering a balance between beneficial and pathogenic bacterial populations. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating the gut–brain axis, impacting cognitive function through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The modulation of the gut microbiome by flavanones has been associated with improvements in cognitive performance and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of major flavanones, their metabolic pathways, and their impact on gut microbiota and cognitive function. It covers the fundamental mechanisms through which flavanones exert their effects, as well as their potential therapeutic applications for brain health and neuroprotection. Despite promising findings, further research is needed to determine optimal dosages, strategies to enhance bioavailability, and long-term safety profiles.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2203flavanonesnaringeninhesperidingut–brain axismicrobiotacognitive health
spellingShingle Natalia Cichon
Rafał Szelenberger
Maksymilian Stela
Marcin Podogrocki
Leslaw Gorniak
Michal Bijak
Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
Molecules
flavanones
naringenin
hesperidin
gut–brain axis
microbiota
cognitive health
title Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
title_full Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
title_fullStr Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
title_full_unstemmed Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
title_short Flavanones as Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
title_sort flavanones as modulators of gut microbiota and cognitive function
topic flavanones
naringenin
hesperidin
gut–brain axis
microbiota
cognitive health
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2203
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AT rafałszelenberger flavanonesasmodulatorsofgutmicrobiotaandcognitivefunction
AT maksymilianstela flavanonesasmodulatorsofgutmicrobiotaandcognitivefunction
AT marcinpodogrocki flavanonesasmodulatorsofgutmicrobiotaandcognitivefunction
AT leslawgorniak flavanonesasmodulatorsofgutmicrobiotaandcognitivefunction
AT michalbijak flavanonesasmodulatorsofgutmicrobiotaandcognitivefunction