Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Background Limited knowledge exists about prophylactic anticoagulation patterns in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study using American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry data from May 2020 to March 2022. We included...

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Main Authors: Mathew S. Lopes, Hsin‐Fang Li, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Sandeep Das, Steven M. Bradley, James A. de Lemos, Gregory A. Roth, Tracy Wang, Erin A. Bohula, Ty J. Gluckman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.034186
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author Mathew S. Lopes
Hsin‐Fang Li
Reed J. D. Sorensen
Sandeep Das
Steven M. Bradley
James A. de Lemos
Gregory A. Roth
Tracy Wang
Erin A. Bohula
Ty J. Gluckman
author_facet Mathew S. Lopes
Hsin‐Fang Li
Reed J. D. Sorensen
Sandeep Das
Steven M. Bradley
James A. de Lemos
Gregory A. Roth
Tracy Wang
Erin A. Bohula
Ty J. Gluckman
author_sort Mathew S. Lopes
collection DOAJ
description Background Limited knowledge exists about prophylactic anticoagulation patterns in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study using American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry data from May 2020 to March 2022. We included patients without preexisting indications for or contraindications to anticoagulation, excluding those with missing anticoagulation data. Patients were categorized by the highest anticoagulation dose received. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between anticoagulation use/dose, patient demographics, clinical presentation, in‐hospital course, institutional characteristics, and admission date, accounting for hospital clustering. Among 26 775 patients, 4157 (16%) received no anticoagulation, 15 617 (58%) low‐dose, 3071 (11%) intermediate‐dose, and 3930 (15%) full‐dose anticoagulation. Significant hospital‐level variability occurred for any anticoagulation use (range, 0%–98%; P<0.0001) and by dose (full anticoagulation range, 0%–85%; P<0.0001). Controlling for hospital variability, older age, male sex, non‐White race, higher body mass index, higher platelets, corticosteroid use, and intensive care unit admission were positively associated with any anticoagulation use. Older age, male sex, higher body mass index, higher platelets, corticosteroid use, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and admission before October 2020 were associated with higher anticoagulation dose (full versus low dose). Rates of no anticoagulation significantly increased in both intensive care unit and non‐intensive care unit strata over time (P trend=0.01 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusions In this large real‐world analysis, nearly 1 in 6 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 received no prophylactic anticoagulation. Patient and disease characteristics associated with thrombotic risk and COVID‐19 severity correlated with anticoagulation strategy. Importantly, substantial institutional differences emerged, highlighting gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations.
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spelling doaj-art-45eaec2577bb40c2902229bdab612ead2025-08-20T02:12:06ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-03-0114510.1161/JAHA.123.034186Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease RegistryMathew S. Lopes0Hsin‐Fang Li1Reed J. D. Sorensen2Sandeep Das3Steven M. Bradley4James A. de Lemos5Gregory A. Roth6Tracy Wang7Erin A. Bohula8Ty J. Gluckman9Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USACenter for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research, and Data Science (CARDS) Providence Heart Institute Portland OR USAInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington Seattle WA USAUT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USAMinneapolis Heart Institute Minneapolis MN USAUT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USADivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USADuke Clinical Research Institute Durham NC USADivision of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USACenter for Cardiovascular Analytics, Research, and Data Science (CARDS) Providence Heart Institute Portland OR USABackground Limited knowledge exists about prophylactic anticoagulation patterns in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study using American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry data from May 2020 to March 2022. We included patients without preexisting indications for or contraindications to anticoagulation, excluding those with missing anticoagulation data. Patients were categorized by the highest anticoagulation dose received. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between anticoagulation use/dose, patient demographics, clinical presentation, in‐hospital course, institutional characteristics, and admission date, accounting for hospital clustering. Among 26 775 patients, 4157 (16%) received no anticoagulation, 15 617 (58%) low‐dose, 3071 (11%) intermediate‐dose, and 3930 (15%) full‐dose anticoagulation. Significant hospital‐level variability occurred for any anticoagulation use (range, 0%–98%; P<0.0001) and by dose (full anticoagulation range, 0%–85%; P<0.0001). Controlling for hospital variability, older age, male sex, non‐White race, higher body mass index, higher platelets, corticosteroid use, and intensive care unit admission were positively associated with any anticoagulation use. Older age, male sex, higher body mass index, higher platelets, corticosteroid use, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and admission before October 2020 were associated with higher anticoagulation dose (full versus low dose). Rates of no anticoagulation significantly increased in both intensive care unit and non‐intensive care unit strata over time (P trend=0.01 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusions In this large real‐world analysis, nearly 1 in 6 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 received no prophylactic anticoagulation. Patient and disease characteristics associated with thrombotic risk and COVID‐19 severity correlated with anticoagulation strategy. Importantly, substantial institutional differences emerged, highlighting gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.034186anticoagulationCOVID‐19prophylaxisregistrySARS‐CoV‐2
spellingShingle Mathew S. Lopes
Hsin‐Fang Li
Reed J. D. Sorensen
Sandeep Das
Steven M. Bradley
James A. de Lemos
Gregory A. Roth
Tracy Wang
Erin A. Bohula
Ty J. Gluckman
Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
anticoagulation
COVID‐19
prophylaxis
registry
SARS‐CoV‐2
title Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
title_full Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
title_fullStr Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
title_short Patterns of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19: An Analysis of the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
title_sort patterns of prophylactic anticoagulation among patients hospitalized for covid 19 an analysis of the american heart association covid 19 cardiovascular disease registry
topic anticoagulation
COVID‐19
prophylaxis
registry
SARS‐CoV‐2
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.034186
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