Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age

Prenatal and childhood bisphenol A (BPA) exposures are known to negatively affect neurodevelopment, but the impact of exposure during the infancy period remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate BPA exposure at 1 and 6 months of age and its correlation with neurodevelopmental scores at 2 year...

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Main Authors: Ying Zhao, Yanbin Ye, Huifang Lin, Xiaolin Ruan, Yong Guo, Jieling Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012412
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author Ying Zhao
Yanbin Ye
Huifang Lin
Xiaolin Ruan
Yong Guo
Jieling Wu
author_facet Ying Zhao
Yanbin Ye
Huifang Lin
Xiaolin Ruan
Yong Guo
Jieling Wu
author_sort Ying Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Prenatal and childhood bisphenol A (BPA) exposures are known to negatively affect neurodevelopment, but the impact of exposure during the infancy period remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate BPA exposure at 1 and 6 months of age and its correlation with neurodevelopmental scores at 2 years of age, focusing on age-specific effects and potential sex differences. In the cohort study conducted from May 2021 to December 2023, urine samples were collected from infants at 1 and 6 months, followed by neurodevelopmental assessments at 2 years of age. Of the 240 and 210 urine samples collected at 1 and 6 months, urinary BPA was detected via liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry in 93.7 and 93.8 %, with median concentrations of 2.79 and 4.04 μg/L, respectively. At the 1-month assessment, no statistically significant associations were observed between urinary BPA concentrations and any neurodevelopmental outcomes in either male or female infants (all adjusted P > 0.05). However, at the 6-month assessment, significant inverse associations were identified exclusively in female infants. Specifically, higher urinary BPA concentrations at 6 months were independently associated with lower scores in the gross motor domain (adjusted β = −3.33; 95 % CI: −6.36, −0.30; P = 0.032), adaptive behavior domain (adjusted β = −5.01; 95 % CI: −9.28, −0.74; P = 0.022), personal-social skills (adjusted β = −6.12; 95 % CI: −11.29, −0.94; P = 0.021), and the total neurodevelopmental score (adjusted β = −4.21; 95 % CI: −8.02, −0.40; P = 0.031) after controlling for relevant confounders. In contrast, no significant associations were detected between 6-month BPA concentrations and neurodevelopmental outcomes in male infants (all adjusted P > 0.05). Our study identified neurodevelopmental effects of BPA as specific to both exposure timing and infant sex, highlighted by the finding that exposure at 6 months was negatively associated with neurodevelopmental scores in females.
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spelling doaj-art-45ea5f460b7f4d17ac70fd1c4aefcffb2025-08-22T04:54:45ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-09-0130311889610.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118896Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of ageYing Zhao0Yanbin Ye1Huifang Lin2Xiaolin Ruan3Yong Guo4Jieling Wu5Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, ChinaDepartment of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, ChinaDepartment of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, ChinaClinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, ChinaDepartment of Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China; Corresponding authors.Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China; Corresponding authors.Prenatal and childhood bisphenol A (BPA) exposures are known to negatively affect neurodevelopment, but the impact of exposure during the infancy period remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate BPA exposure at 1 and 6 months of age and its correlation with neurodevelopmental scores at 2 years of age, focusing on age-specific effects and potential sex differences. In the cohort study conducted from May 2021 to December 2023, urine samples were collected from infants at 1 and 6 months, followed by neurodevelopmental assessments at 2 years of age. Of the 240 and 210 urine samples collected at 1 and 6 months, urinary BPA was detected via liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry in 93.7 and 93.8 %, with median concentrations of 2.79 and 4.04 μg/L, respectively. At the 1-month assessment, no statistically significant associations were observed between urinary BPA concentrations and any neurodevelopmental outcomes in either male or female infants (all adjusted P > 0.05). However, at the 6-month assessment, significant inverse associations were identified exclusively in female infants. Specifically, higher urinary BPA concentrations at 6 months were independently associated with lower scores in the gross motor domain (adjusted β = −3.33; 95 % CI: −6.36, −0.30; P = 0.032), adaptive behavior domain (adjusted β = −5.01; 95 % CI: −9.28, −0.74; P = 0.022), personal-social skills (adjusted β = −6.12; 95 % CI: −11.29, −0.94; P = 0.021), and the total neurodevelopmental score (adjusted β = −4.21; 95 % CI: −8.02, −0.40; P = 0.031) after controlling for relevant confounders. In contrast, no significant associations were detected between 6-month BPA concentrations and neurodevelopmental outcomes in male infants (all adjusted P > 0.05). Our study identified neurodevelopmental effects of BPA as specific to both exposure timing and infant sex, highlighted by the finding that exposure at 6 months was negatively associated with neurodevelopmental scores in females.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012412Bisphenol AChildNeurodevelopmentBehavior
spellingShingle Ying Zhao
Yanbin Ye
Huifang Lin
Xiaolin Ruan
Yong Guo
Jieling Wu
Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Bisphenol A
Child
Neurodevelopment
Behavior
title Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
title_full Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
title_fullStr Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
title_full_unstemmed Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
title_short Infant urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
title_sort infant urinary bisphenol a concentrations in relation to child neurodevelopment at 2 years of age
topic Bisphenol A
Child
Neurodevelopment
Behavior
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012412
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AT huifanglin infanturinarybisphenolaconcentrationsinrelationtochildneurodevelopmentat2yearsofage
AT xiaolinruan infanturinarybisphenolaconcentrationsinrelationtochildneurodevelopmentat2yearsofage
AT yongguo infanturinarybisphenolaconcentrationsinrelationtochildneurodevelopmentat2yearsofage
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