Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran

Abstract The first step to reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is to find modifiable risk factors with the highest burden in each population. Urban and rural citizens may have different priorities in this regard. This study aimed to compare the 10-year incidence probability o...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad, Mehrab Sayadi, Hossein Pourmontaseri, Davood Khalili, Mojtaba Farjam, Ehsan Bahramail, Nader Parsa, Azizallah Dehghan, Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi, Iman Razeghian-Jahromi, Hamed Bazrafshan drissi, Matin Sepehrinia
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84366-4
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author Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad
Mehrab Sayadi
Hossein Pourmontaseri
Davood Khalili
Mojtaba Farjam
Ehsan Bahramail
Nader Parsa
Azizallah Dehghan
Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi
Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
Hamed Bazrafshan drissi
Matin Sepehrinia
author_facet Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad
Mehrab Sayadi
Hossein Pourmontaseri
Davood Khalili
Mojtaba Farjam
Ehsan Bahramail
Nader Parsa
Azizallah Dehghan
Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi
Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
Hamed Bazrafshan drissi
Matin Sepehrinia
author_sort Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The first step to reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is to find modifiable risk factors with the highest burden in each population. Urban and rural citizens may have different priorities in this regard. This study aimed to compare the 10-year incidence probability of CVD events and its associated risk factors between rural and urban areas in Iran. Data was extracted from two big cohorts, Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS) and Shiraz Heart Study (SHS), with participation of over 12,000 general population. Linear regression models were used to test the difference in CVD risk between two populations. Totally, 6,258 FACS and 6,101 SHS participants entered the study. Urban participants had a significantly higher mean ASCVD score (4.43% vs. 5.51%, p-value < 0.001). Also, they significantly showed higher body mass index, waist circumference, cholesterol level, fasting blood glucose level, systolic blood pressure, educational attainment, and occupational status. However, the prevalence of smoking was higher in rural areas. Notably, socioeconomic parameters including marital, occupational, and educational statuses seem to have strong impact on cardiovascular risk factors. After adjustment for all confounders, living in the urban areas seemed to be associated with higher atherosclerotic CVD risk (β = 0.78, 95%CI: [0.69–1.05]), which was consistent across both sexes. Given the higher risk of cardiovascular events in urban areas and different profiles of risk factors between these two regions, preventive strategies should be precisely and separately designed for each population by the health authorities and policymakers in order to reduce the CVD toll efficiently.
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spelling doaj-art-45e6acc829fc47788ba7d1b5731e2d5c2025-08-20T02:26:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511910.1038/s41598-024-84366-4Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of IranMohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad0Mehrab Sayadi1Hossein Pourmontaseri2Davood Khalili3Mojtaba Farjam4Ehsan Bahramail5Nader Parsa6Azizallah Dehghan7Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi8Iman Razeghian-Jahromi9Hamed Bazrafshan drissi10Matin Sepehrinia11Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical SciencesPrevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical SciencesAbstract The first step to reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is to find modifiable risk factors with the highest burden in each population. Urban and rural citizens may have different priorities in this regard. This study aimed to compare the 10-year incidence probability of CVD events and its associated risk factors between rural and urban areas in Iran. Data was extracted from two big cohorts, Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS) and Shiraz Heart Study (SHS), with participation of over 12,000 general population. Linear regression models were used to test the difference in CVD risk between two populations. Totally, 6,258 FACS and 6,101 SHS participants entered the study. Urban participants had a significantly higher mean ASCVD score (4.43% vs. 5.51%, p-value < 0.001). Also, they significantly showed higher body mass index, waist circumference, cholesterol level, fasting blood glucose level, systolic blood pressure, educational attainment, and occupational status. However, the prevalence of smoking was higher in rural areas. Notably, socioeconomic parameters including marital, occupational, and educational statuses seem to have strong impact on cardiovascular risk factors. After adjustment for all confounders, living in the urban areas seemed to be associated with higher atherosclerotic CVD risk (β = 0.78, 95%CI: [0.69–1.05]), which was consistent across both sexes. Given the higher risk of cardiovascular events in urban areas and different profiles of risk factors between these two regions, preventive strategies should be precisely and separately designed for each population by the health authorities and policymakers in order to reduce the CVD toll efficiently.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84366-4Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scoreCardiovascular risk factorsUrbanRural
spellingShingle Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad
Mehrab Sayadi
Hossein Pourmontaseri
Davood Khalili
Mojtaba Farjam
Ehsan Bahramail
Nader Parsa
Azizallah Dehghan
Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi
Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
Hamed Bazrafshan drissi
Matin Sepehrinia
Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran
Scientific Reports
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score
Cardiovascular risk factors
Urban
Rural
title Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran
title_full Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran
title_fullStr Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran
title_short Comparison of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in metropolitan and rural areas of South of Iran
title_sort comparison of 10 year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ascvd risk in metropolitan and rural areas of south of iran
topic Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score
Cardiovascular risk factors
Urban
Rural
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84366-4
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