Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview
We review the literature on the little-known roles of specific CaMKs in regulating endocrine functions of the pineal gland, the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus. Melatonin activates hippocampal CaMKII, which then influences dendritogenesis. In the pituitary gland, the signal pathways activated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103346 |
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| author | Vincenzo Cimini Susan Van Noorden Cristina Terlizzi Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli |
| author_facet | Vincenzo Cimini Susan Van Noorden Cristina Terlizzi Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli |
| author_sort | Vincenzo Cimini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We review the literature on the little-known roles of specific CaMKs in regulating endocrine functions of the pineal gland, the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus. Melatonin activates hippocampal CaMKII, which then influences dendritogenesis. In the pituitary gland, the signal pathways activated by the CaMK in lower vertebrates, such as fishes, differ from those of mammals. In the teleost anterior pituitary, the activation of CaMKII induces the expression of somatolactin by glucagon b. In rats and humans, CaMKIVs have been associated with gonadotropes and thyrotropes and CaMKII with several types of human tumor cells and with a specific signaling pathway. Neuropeptides such as vasopressin and endothelin are also involved in the CaMKII signaling chain, as is the CaMKIIδ isoform which participates in generating the circadian rhythms of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. What arises from this review is that most of the hypothalamic CaMKs are involved in activities of the endocrine brain. Furthermore, among the CaMKs, type II occurs with the highest frequency followed by CaMKIV and CaMKI. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-45cc6fad15ea44a08eef957f06ec2c39 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-45cc6fad15ea44a08eef957f06ec2c392025-02-03T05:57:56ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83452022-01-01202210.1155/2022/1103346Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An OverviewVincenzo Cimini0Susan Van Noorden1Cristina Terlizzi2Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli3Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesDepartment of HistopathologyDepartment of Advanced Biomedical SciencesDepartment of Advanced Biomedical SciencesWe review the literature on the little-known roles of specific CaMKs in regulating endocrine functions of the pineal gland, the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus. Melatonin activates hippocampal CaMKII, which then influences dendritogenesis. In the pituitary gland, the signal pathways activated by the CaMK in lower vertebrates, such as fishes, differ from those of mammals. In the teleost anterior pituitary, the activation of CaMKII induces the expression of somatolactin by glucagon b. In rats and humans, CaMKIVs have been associated with gonadotropes and thyrotropes and CaMKII with several types of human tumor cells and with a specific signaling pathway. Neuropeptides such as vasopressin and endothelin are also involved in the CaMKII signaling chain, as is the CaMKIIδ isoform which participates in generating the circadian rhythms of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. What arises from this review is that most of the hypothalamic CaMKs are involved in activities of the endocrine brain. Furthermore, among the CaMKs, type II occurs with the highest frequency followed by CaMKIV and CaMKI.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103346 |
| spellingShingle | Vincenzo Cimini Susan Van Noorden Cristina Terlizzi Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview |
| title_full | Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview |
| title_short | Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases in the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Pineal Gland: An Overview |
| title_sort | calcium calmodulin dependent kinases in the hypothalamus pituitary and pineal gland an overview |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1103346 |
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