Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation

Abstract Drought affects the health of natural and socio-ecological systems by altering green water evapotranspiration and blue water runoff. However, the global patterns of green and blue water responses to drought remain unclear. Here we quantified drought using root-zone soil moisture reductions...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jing Xiao, Fubao Sun, Tingting Wang, Wang Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02476-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850111511150723072
author Jing Xiao
Fubao Sun
Tingting Wang
Wang Hong
author_facet Jing Xiao
Fubao Sun
Tingting Wang
Wang Hong
author_sort Jing Xiao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Drought affects the health of natural and socio-ecological systems by altering green water evapotranspiration and blue water runoff. However, the global patterns of green and blue water responses to drought remain unclear. Here we quantified drought using root-zone soil moisture reductions and examined the resulting water deficits across different climatic and vegetation conditions. We show that drought generally reduces both evapotranspiration and runoff globally, though with pronounced spatiotemporal variability. In high-latitude humid regions, drought can initially enhance evapotranspiration, whereas runoff responds more rapidly and declines consistently throughout drought periods. Furthermore, drought reduces runoff more than evapotranspiration in humid regions, but the reverse pattern occurs in arid regions. Compared to other vegetation types, forests exhibit smaller drought-induced reductions in evapotranspiration but greater reductions in runoff. These results underscore the importance of considering background climate and vegetation when assessing drought’s hydrological impacts, with important implications for ecohydrological understanding and water resource management.
format Article
id doaj-art-459472a6271b4da6a022faec82fe9b5d
institution OA Journals
issn 2662-4435
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-459472a6271b4da6a022faec82fe9b5d2025-08-20T02:37:36ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-06-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02476-xGreen and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetationJing Xiao0Fubao Sun1Tingting Wang2Wang Hong3State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Drought affects the health of natural and socio-ecological systems by altering green water evapotranspiration and blue water runoff. However, the global patterns of green and blue water responses to drought remain unclear. Here we quantified drought using root-zone soil moisture reductions and examined the resulting water deficits across different climatic and vegetation conditions. We show that drought generally reduces both evapotranspiration and runoff globally, though with pronounced spatiotemporal variability. In high-latitude humid regions, drought can initially enhance evapotranspiration, whereas runoff responds more rapidly and declines consistently throughout drought periods. Furthermore, drought reduces runoff more than evapotranspiration in humid regions, but the reverse pattern occurs in arid regions. Compared to other vegetation types, forests exhibit smaller drought-induced reductions in evapotranspiration but greater reductions in runoff. These results underscore the importance of considering background climate and vegetation when assessing drought’s hydrological impacts, with important implications for ecohydrological understanding and water resource management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02476-x
spellingShingle Jing Xiao
Fubao Sun
Tingting Wang
Wang Hong
Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
Communications Earth & Environment
title Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
title_full Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
title_fullStr Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
title_full_unstemmed Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
title_short Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
title_sort green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02476-x
work_keys_str_mv AT jingxiao greenandbluewaterresponsetodroughtmodulatedbybackgroundclimateandvegetation
AT fubaosun greenandbluewaterresponsetodroughtmodulatedbybackgroundclimateandvegetation
AT tingtingwang greenandbluewaterresponsetodroughtmodulatedbybackgroundclimateandvegetation
AT wanghong greenandbluewaterresponsetodroughtmodulatedbybackgroundclimateandvegetation