Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment
Abstract Hydration plays a fundamental role in the physical performance of athletes, especially in endurance sports such as mountain biking. To assess the hydration status and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists during a competition in a hot environment. This is a cross-sectional study, p...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05005-0 |
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| author | Rayane Carvalho de Moura Crislane de Moura Costa Cirley Pinheiro Ferreira Valmir Oliveira Silvino Bruna Lorena Soares Cavalcante Sousa Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros Leandra Caline dos Santos Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota Sandro Soares Almeida Sérgio Luís Galan Ribeiro Acácio Salvador Veras e Silva Michelly da Silva Pinheiro João Victor Neves Veras Paulo Henrique Carvalho de Sousa Guilherme de Azambuja Pussieldi Glêbia Alexa Cardoso Marcos Antonio Pereira dos Santos |
| author_facet | Rayane Carvalho de Moura Crislane de Moura Costa Cirley Pinheiro Ferreira Valmir Oliveira Silvino Bruna Lorena Soares Cavalcante Sousa Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros Leandra Caline dos Santos Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota Sandro Soares Almeida Sérgio Luís Galan Ribeiro Acácio Salvador Veras e Silva Michelly da Silva Pinheiro João Victor Neves Veras Paulo Henrique Carvalho de Sousa Guilherme de Azambuja Pussieldi Glêbia Alexa Cardoso Marcos Antonio Pereira dos Santos |
| author_sort | Rayane Carvalho de Moura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Hydration plays a fundamental role in the physical performance of athletes, especially in endurance sports such as mountain biking. To assess the hydration status and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists during a competition in a hot environment. This is a cross-sectional study, part of a broader research project, conducted during a mountain bike competition in a hot environment in the city of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. Cyclists were weighed before and after the competition, and blood samples were collected to analyze sodium, potassium, and plasma osmolality concentrations. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, and physical performance tests were conducted, including a horizontal jump test to assess lower limb strength and a handgrip strength test for upper limb evaluation. The competition organizers recorded race duration. Results were presented as means and standard deviations. Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation test were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 66 male athletes were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1), young athletes (18 to 34 years old), with 28 individuals, and Group 2 (G2), master athletes (35 to 59 years old), with 37 individuals. There was a significant decrease in body mass between the pre- and post-competition moments (79.15 ± 14.65 kg; 76.15 ± 14.36 kg) (p = 0.000). The cyclists experienced significant dehydration, starting the race already in a dehydrated state, which intensified throughout the competition (p = 0.008). G2 showed a reduction in lower limb strength (p = 0.004) and a negative correlation between dehydration and the horizontal jump test (r = − 0.396; p = 0.015), as well as between dehydration and handgrip strength in the dominant hand (r = − 0.387; p = 0.018) and non-dominant hand (r = − 0.386; p = 0.019) with race time. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength in both G1 and G2. Cyclists started the race already in a dehydrated state. Master cyclists demonstrated a negative correlation between dehydration and physical performance. Athletes with greater muscle mass exhibited higher upper limb strength, which negatively correlated with race time among master athletes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-458e52ea2e7d4320bc8a72857536f1a1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-458e52ea2e7d4320bc8a72857536f1a12025-08-20T03:03:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-05005-0Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environmentRayane Carvalho de Moura0Crislane de Moura Costa1Cirley Pinheiro Ferreira2Valmir Oliveira Silvino3Bruna Lorena Soares Cavalcante Sousa4Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros5Leandra Caline dos Santos6Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota7Sandro Soares Almeida8Sérgio Luís Galan Ribeiro9Acácio Salvador Veras e Silva10Michelly da Silva Pinheiro11João Victor Neves Veras12Paulo Henrique Carvalho de Sousa13Guilherme de Azambuja Pussieldi14Glêbia Alexa Cardoso15Marcos Antonio Pereira dos Santos16Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Obstetrician, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)Department of physical education, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiFederal University of Viçosa - Forestry Campus (UFV-CAF)Department of physical education, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiDepartment of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of PiauiAbstract Hydration plays a fundamental role in the physical performance of athletes, especially in endurance sports such as mountain biking. To assess the hydration status and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists during a competition in a hot environment. This is a cross-sectional study, part of a broader research project, conducted during a mountain bike competition in a hot environment in the city of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. Cyclists were weighed before and after the competition, and blood samples were collected to analyze sodium, potassium, and plasma osmolality concentrations. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, and physical performance tests were conducted, including a horizontal jump test to assess lower limb strength and a handgrip strength test for upper limb evaluation. The competition organizers recorded race duration. Results were presented as means and standard deviations. Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation test were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 66 male athletes were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1), young athletes (18 to 34 years old), with 28 individuals, and Group 2 (G2), master athletes (35 to 59 years old), with 37 individuals. There was a significant decrease in body mass between the pre- and post-competition moments (79.15 ± 14.65 kg; 76.15 ± 14.36 kg) (p = 0.000). The cyclists experienced significant dehydration, starting the race already in a dehydrated state, which intensified throughout the competition (p = 0.008). G2 showed a reduction in lower limb strength (p = 0.004) and a negative correlation between dehydration and the horizontal jump test (r = − 0.396; p = 0.015), as well as between dehydration and handgrip strength in the dominant hand (r = − 0.387; p = 0.018) and non-dominant hand (r = − 0.386; p = 0.019) with race time. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength in both G1 and G2. Cyclists started the race already in a dehydrated state. Master cyclists demonstrated a negative correlation between dehydration and physical performance. Athletes with greater muscle mass exhibited higher upper limb strength, which negatively correlated with race time among master athletes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05005-0DehydrationThermoregulationMountain bikeMaster athletesAthletic performance |
| spellingShingle | Rayane Carvalho de Moura Crislane de Moura Costa Cirley Pinheiro Ferreira Valmir Oliveira Silvino Bruna Lorena Soares Cavalcante Sousa Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros Leandra Caline dos Santos Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota Sandro Soares Almeida Sérgio Luís Galan Ribeiro Acácio Salvador Veras e Silva Michelly da Silva Pinheiro João Victor Neves Veras Paulo Henrique Carvalho de Sousa Guilherme de Azambuja Pussieldi Glêbia Alexa Cardoso Marcos Antonio Pereira dos Santos Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment Scientific Reports Dehydration Thermoregulation Mountain bike Master athletes Athletic performance |
| title | Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment |
| title_full | Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment |
| title_fullStr | Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment |
| title_short | Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment |
| title_sort | hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment |
| topic | Dehydration Thermoregulation Mountain bike Master athletes Athletic performance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05005-0 |
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