Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair

DNA is one of the prime molecules, and its stability is of utmost importance for proper functioning and existence of all living systems. Genotoxic chemicals and radiations exert adverse effects on genome stability. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (mainly UV-B: 280–315 nm) is one of the powerful agents t...

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Main Authors: Rajesh P. Rastogi, Richa, Ashok Kumar, Madhu B. Tyagi, Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2010-01-01
Series:Journal of Nucleic Acids
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/592980
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author Rajesh P. Rastogi
Richa
Ashok Kumar
Madhu B. Tyagi
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
author_facet Rajesh P. Rastogi
Richa
Ashok Kumar
Madhu B. Tyagi
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
author_sort Rajesh P. Rastogi
collection DOAJ
description DNA is one of the prime molecules, and its stability is of utmost importance for proper functioning and existence of all living systems. Genotoxic chemicals and radiations exert adverse effects on genome stability. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (mainly UV-B: 280–315 nm) is one of the powerful agents that can alter the normal state of life by inducing a variety of mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs), and their Dewar valence isomers as well as DNA strand breaks by interfering the genome integrity. To counteract these lesions, organisms have developed a number of highly conserved repair mechanisms such as photoreactivation, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mismatch repair (MMR). Additionally, double-strand break repair (by homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining), SOS response, cell-cycle checkpoints, and programmed cell death (apoptosis) are also operative in various organisms with the expense of specific gene products. This review deals with UV-induced alterations in DNA and its maintenance by various repair mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-457fd7fcbf6d4a1ca7886ebd26cfee212025-08-20T02:37:52ZengWileyJournal of Nucleic Acids2090-021X2010-01-01201010.4061/2010/592980592980Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and RepairRajesh P. Rastogi0Richa1Ashok Kumar2Madhu B. Tyagi3Rajeshwar P. Sinha4Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaLaboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaSchool of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaMahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaLaboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaDNA is one of the prime molecules, and its stability is of utmost importance for proper functioning and existence of all living systems. Genotoxic chemicals and radiations exert adverse effects on genome stability. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (mainly UV-B: 280–315 nm) is one of the powerful agents that can alter the normal state of life by inducing a variety of mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs), and their Dewar valence isomers as well as DNA strand breaks by interfering the genome integrity. To counteract these lesions, organisms have developed a number of highly conserved repair mechanisms such as photoreactivation, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mismatch repair (MMR). Additionally, double-strand break repair (by homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining), SOS response, cell-cycle checkpoints, and programmed cell death (apoptosis) are also operative in various organisms with the expense of specific gene products. This review deals with UV-induced alterations in DNA and its maintenance by various repair mechanisms.http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/592980
spellingShingle Rajesh P. Rastogi
Richa
Ashok Kumar
Madhu B. Tyagi
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
Journal of Nucleic Acids
title Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
title_full Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
title_fullStr Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
title_short Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair
title_sort molecular mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation induced dna damage and repair
url http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/592980
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