Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates

(1) Background: Hibernation in Lutrasil-covered enclosures led to elevated mortality rates for <i>Cornu aspersum</i> on Romanian farms. This two-year study evaluated the feasibility of adapting indoor hibernation technology to the Italian outdoor snail farming (IOSF) system as a solution...

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Main Authors: Ramona Ștef, Dan Manea, Anișoara Aurelia Ienciu, Emilian Onișan, Dragoș Vasile Nica, Alin Cărăbeț
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/7/914
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author Ramona Ștef
Dan Manea
Anișoara Aurelia Ienciu
Emilian Onișan
Dragoș Vasile Nica
Alin Cărăbeț
author_facet Ramona Ștef
Dan Manea
Anișoara Aurelia Ienciu
Emilian Onișan
Dragoș Vasile Nica
Alin Cărăbeț
author_sort Ramona Ștef
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: Hibernation in Lutrasil-covered enclosures led to elevated mortality rates for <i>Cornu aspersum</i> on Romanian farms. This two-year study evaluated the feasibility of adapting indoor hibernation technology to the Italian outdoor snail farming (IOSF) system as a solution for overwintering mature <i>C. aspersum</i> snails. (2) Methods: Body weight, survival rates, and mortality factors during key hibernation phases (purging and overwintering) were monitored in three commercial snail farms using different hibernation scenarios. Labor efficiency was evaluated, comparing the use of micro shelters vs. hand-picking for snail collection. We analyzed post-purging/post-hibernation weight loss and mortality in hibernation spaces with and without proper thermal insulation. Mortality causes were also investigated. (3) Results: Using micro shelters significantly reduced labor time for snail collection. Weight loss during purging, but not during overwintering, were similar between groups. Post-hibernation survival ranged from 69% to 79% for comparable hibernation durations. Significantly lower survival was associated with significantly higher weight loss and using hibernation spaces with minimal thermal insulation. Predators exerted a very limited effect on post-hibernation survival, with most death appearing to be related to environmental causes. (4) Integrating indoor hibernation into the IOSF system is a promising strategy for the successful rearing of <i>C. aspersum</i> in colder climates.
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spelling doaj-art-4577e410f83a4976bb35ff7f67dc77c92025-08-20T03:08:43ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-03-0115791410.3390/ani15070914Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder ClimatesRamona Ștef0Dan Manea1Anișoara Aurelia Ienciu2Emilian Onișan3Dragoș Vasile Nica4Alin Cărăbeț5Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaThe National Institute of Research—Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry, Bulevardul Ion Ionescu de la Brad 6, 077190 București, RomaniaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania(1) Background: Hibernation in Lutrasil-covered enclosures led to elevated mortality rates for <i>Cornu aspersum</i> on Romanian farms. This two-year study evaluated the feasibility of adapting indoor hibernation technology to the Italian outdoor snail farming (IOSF) system as a solution for overwintering mature <i>C. aspersum</i> snails. (2) Methods: Body weight, survival rates, and mortality factors during key hibernation phases (purging and overwintering) were monitored in three commercial snail farms using different hibernation scenarios. Labor efficiency was evaluated, comparing the use of micro shelters vs. hand-picking for snail collection. We analyzed post-purging/post-hibernation weight loss and mortality in hibernation spaces with and without proper thermal insulation. Mortality causes were also investigated. (3) Results: Using micro shelters significantly reduced labor time for snail collection. Weight loss during purging, but not during overwintering, were similar between groups. Post-hibernation survival ranged from 69% to 79% for comparable hibernation durations. Significantly lower survival was associated with significantly higher weight loss and using hibernation spaces with minimal thermal insulation. Predators exerted a very limited effect on post-hibernation survival, with most death appearing to be related to environmental causes. (4) Integrating indoor hibernation into the IOSF system is a promising strategy for the successful rearing of <i>C. aspersum</i> in colder climates.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/7/914heliciculture<i>Cornu aspersum</i>hibernationoutdoor rearingsnail farming managementsurvival rate
spellingShingle Ramona Ștef
Dan Manea
Anișoara Aurelia Ienciu
Emilian Onișan
Dragoș Vasile Nica
Alin Cărăbeț
Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates
Animals
heliciculture
<i>Cornu aspersum</i>
hibernation
outdoor rearing
snail farming management
survival rate
title Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates
title_full Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates
title_fullStr Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates
title_full_unstemmed Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates
title_short Integrating Indoor Hibernation into the Italian Outdoor Snail Farming System: A Potential Solution for Colder Climates
title_sort integrating indoor hibernation into the italian outdoor snail farming system a potential solution for colder climates
topic heliciculture
<i>Cornu aspersum</i>
hibernation
outdoor rearing
snail farming management
survival rate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/7/914
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AT anisoaraaureliaienciu integratingindoorhibernationintotheitalianoutdoorsnailfarmingsystemapotentialsolutionforcolderclimates
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AT dragosvasilenica integratingindoorhibernationintotheitalianoutdoorsnailfarmingsystemapotentialsolutionforcolderclimates
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