Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog
<b>Background:</b> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with a complex pathogenesis that necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches for effective management. Among the commonly used treatments, mebeverine (MBH), an antispasmodic, is widely prescribe...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Mihaela Stoyanova Miglena Milusheva Milena Georgieva Penyo Ivanov George Miloshev Natalia Krasteva Kamelia Hristova-Panusheva Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani Kirila Stojnova Slava Tsoneva Mina Todorova Stoyanka Nikolova |
| author_facet | Mihaela Stoyanova Miglena Milusheva Milena Georgieva Penyo Ivanov George Miloshev Natalia Krasteva Kamelia Hristova-Panusheva Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani Kirila Stojnova Slava Tsoneva Mina Todorova Stoyanka Nikolova |
| author_sort | Mihaela Stoyanova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with a complex pathogenesis that necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches for effective management. Among the commonly used treatments, mebeverine (MBH), an antispasmodic, is widely prescribed to alleviate IBS symptoms. However, challenges in delivering the drug precisely to the colonic region often hinder its therapeutic effectiveness. To address this limitation, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising drug delivery systems, offering unique physicochemical properties that can enhance the precision and efficacy of IBS treatments. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs as drug delivery vehicles for MBH and a previously reported analog. The research focused on evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the AgNPs and forecasting their possibly harmful effects on future sustainable development. <b>Methods:</b> AgNPs were synthesized using a rapid method and functionalized with MBH and its analog. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, in silico docking analyses were performed to explore their safety profile further. <b>Results:</b> In vitro assays revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects and a lack of genotoxic effects with MBH-loaded AgNPs. A molecular docking simulation was performed to confirm this effect. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study underscores the potential of AgNPs as advanced drug delivery systems for safe and significant therapeutic implications for IBS. Future in vivo and preclinical investigations are essential to validate the safe range of exposure doses and evaluation standards for assessing AgNPs’ safety in targeted and personalized medicine. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-45749b1ae4d64d34bb4459fd29b4aecd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-45749b1ae4d64d34bb4459fd29b4aecd2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-03-0118339710.3390/ph18030397Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its AnalogMihaela Stoyanova0Miglena Milusheva1Milena Georgieva2Penyo Ivanov3George Miloshev4Natalia Krasteva5Kamelia Hristova-Panusheva6Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi7Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani8Kirila Stojnova9Slava Tsoneva10Mina Todorova11Stoyanka Nikolova12Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, Epigenetics and Longevity, Institute of Molecular Biology “R. Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran P.O. Box 19938-93973, IranDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran P.O. Box 19938-93973, IranDepartment of General and Inorganic Chemistry with Methodology of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria<b>Background:</b> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with a complex pathogenesis that necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches for effective management. Among the commonly used treatments, mebeverine (MBH), an antispasmodic, is widely prescribed to alleviate IBS symptoms. However, challenges in delivering the drug precisely to the colonic region often hinder its therapeutic effectiveness. To address this limitation, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising drug delivery systems, offering unique physicochemical properties that can enhance the precision and efficacy of IBS treatments. <b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs as drug delivery vehicles for MBH and a previously reported analog. The research focused on evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the AgNPs and forecasting their possibly harmful effects on future sustainable development. <b>Methods:</b> AgNPs were synthesized using a rapid method and functionalized with MBH and its analog. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, in silico docking analyses were performed to explore their safety profile further. <b>Results:</b> In vitro assays revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects and a lack of genotoxic effects with MBH-loaded AgNPs. A molecular docking simulation was performed to confirm this effect. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study underscores the potential of AgNPs as advanced drug delivery systems for safe and significant therapeutic implications for IBS. Future in vivo and preclinical investigations are essential to validate the safe range of exposure doses and evaluation standards for assessing AgNPs’ safety in targeted and personalized medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/397silver nanoparticlescytotoxicitygenotoxicityin vitroin silicomolecular docking |
| spellingShingle | Mihaela Stoyanova Miglena Milusheva Milena Georgieva Penyo Ivanov George Miloshev Natalia Krasteva Kamelia Hristova-Panusheva Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani Kirila Stojnova Slava Tsoneva Mina Todorova Stoyanka Nikolova Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog Pharmaceuticals silver nanoparticles cytotoxicity genotoxicity in vitro in silico molecular docking |
| title | Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog |
| title_full | Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog |
| title_short | Synthesis, Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles with Mebeverine and Its Analog |
| title_sort | synthesis cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of drug loaded silver nanoparticles with mebeverine and its analog |
| topic | silver nanoparticles cytotoxicity genotoxicity in vitro in silico molecular docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/397 |
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