Improving Health and Well-Being of People With Post–COVID-19 Consequences in South Africa: Situation Analysis and Pilot Intervention Design
Abstract BackgroundMultisystemic complications post–COVID-19 infection are increasingly described in the literature, yet guidance on the management remains limited. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the needs, preferences, challenges, and existing interventions...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JMIR Publications
2025-04-01
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| Series: | JMIR Formative Research |
| Online Access: | https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e58436 |
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| Summary: | Abstract
BackgroundMultisystemic complications post–COVID-19 infection are increasingly described in the literature, yet guidance on the management remains limited.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the needs, preferences, challenges, and existing interventions for individuals with post–COVID-19 symptoms. Based on this, we aimed to develop a context-adapted intervention to improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with post–COVID-19 complications.
MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional mixed-methods situation analysis assessing the needs, preferences, challenges, and existing interventions for patients with post–COVID-19 symptoms. We collected data through questionnaires, semistructured in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) from individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 within the previous 18-month period and health care providers who managed patients with COVID-19 in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics, qualitative data were transcribed, and deductive analysis focused on suggestions for future interventions. Findings guided the development of a group intervention.
ResultsWe conducted 60 questionnaires, 13 interviews, and 3 FGDs. Questionnaires showed limited knowledge of post–COVID-19 complications at 26.7% (16/60). Of those who received any rehabilitation for COVID-19 (19/60, 31.7%), 94.7% (18/19) found it helpful for their recovery. Just over half (23/41, 56%) of those who did not receive rehabilitation reported that they would have liked to. The majority viewed rehabilitation as an important adjunct to post–COVID-19 care (56/60, 93.3%) and that support groups would be helpful (53/60, 88.3%). Qualitative results highlighted the need for mental health support, structured post–COVID-19 follow-up, and financial aid in post–COVID-19 care. Based on the insights from the situation analysis, the theory of change framework, and existing post–COVID-19 evidence, we designed and conducted a pilot support group and rehabilitation intervention for individuals with post–COVID-19 complications. Our main objective was to assess the change in physical and psychological well-being pre- and postintervention. The intervention included 8 weekly themed group sessions supplemented by home tasks. Effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by questionnaires pre- and postintervention on post–COVID-19 symptoms, quality of life with the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level, short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and physical function by spirometry and 1-minute sit-to-stand test. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention by questionnaires and semistructured in-depth interviews. The intervention outcome analysis is yet to be conducted.
ConclusionsInsights from patients and health care providers on the characteristics of post–COVID-19 complications helped guide the development of a context-adapted intervention program with potential to improve health and well-being post–COVID-19. |
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| ISSN: | 2561-326X |