Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms

Abstract The aim was to assess the quality of liquid feed for grow-finisher pigs across commercial pig farms by profiling the bacteriome and mycobiome of samples and determining biogenic amine concentrations. Amplicon sequencing of liquid feed samples revealed that bacterial and fungal community str...

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Main Authors: J. T. Cullen, P. G. Lawlor, P. Cormican, F. Crispie, H. Slattery, G. E. Gardiner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05928-8
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author J. T. Cullen
P. G. Lawlor
P. Cormican
F. Crispie
H. Slattery
G. E. Gardiner
author_facet J. T. Cullen
P. G. Lawlor
P. Cormican
F. Crispie
H. Slattery
G. E. Gardiner
author_sort J. T. Cullen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The aim was to assess the quality of liquid feed for grow-finisher pigs across commercial pig farms by profiling the bacteriome and mycobiome of samples and determining biogenic amine concentrations. Amplicon sequencing of liquid feed samples revealed that bacterial and fungal community structures were influenced by the farm of origin and sampling location (mixing tank/trough) on a given farm. Decreases in alpha-diversity of liquid feed between the mixing tank and the troughs corresponded with increased relative abundances of bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus, Weissella and Leuconostoc, as well as yeasts, including Kazachstania and Dipodascus, indicative of spontaneous fermentation. The concentration of biogenic amines, resulting from amino acid loss from the feed, which likely plays a role in poorer feed efficiency, also increased between the mixing tank and the troughs. The highest biogenic amine concentrations in the feed were found on the farm that had the highest lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast counts. Both Lactobacillus and Kazachstania were correlated with biogenic amine concentrations in liquid feed, highlighting the unexplored role that LAB and yeast may play in amino acid decarboxylation and biogenic amine formation in liquid feed. Factors including the use of liquid co-products in diets also impacted the liquid feed microbiome.
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spelling doaj-art-45534a0a741e4b3aaada84aae0652b952025-08-20T03:46:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-05928-8Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farmsJ. T. Cullen0P. G. Lawlor1P. Cormican2F. Crispie3H. Slattery4G. E. Gardiner5Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, South East Technological UniversityTeagasc Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreAnimal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, TeagascTeagasc Food Research CentreTeagasc Food Research CentreEco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, South East Technological UniversityAbstract The aim was to assess the quality of liquid feed for grow-finisher pigs across commercial pig farms by profiling the bacteriome and mycobiome of samples and determining biogenic amine concentrations. Amplicon sequencing of liquid feed samples revealed that bacterial and fungal community structures were influenced by the farm of origin and sampling location (mixing tank/trough) on a given farm. Decreases in alpha-diversity of liquid feed between the mixing tank and the troughs corresponded with increased relative abundances of bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus, Weissella and Leuconostoc, as well as yeasts, including Kazachstania and Dipodascus, indicative of spontaneous fermentation. The concentration of biogenic amines, resulting from amino acid loss from the feed, which likely plays a role in poorer feed efficiency, also increased between the mixing tank and the troughs. The highest biogenic amine concentrations in the feed were found on the farm that had the highest lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast counts. Both Lactobacillus and Kazachstania were correlated with biogenic amine concentrations in liquid feed, highlighting the unexplored role that LAB and yeast may play in amino acid decarboxylation and biogenic amine formation in liquid feed. Factors including the use of liquid co-products in diets also impacted the liquid feed microbiome.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05928-8
spellingShingle J. T. Cullen
P. G. Lawlor
P. Cormican
F. Crispie
H. Slattery
G. E. Gardiner
Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
Scientific Reports
title Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
title_full Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
title_fullStr Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
title_full_unstemmed Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
title_short Bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
title_sort bacteriome and mycobiome profiling of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig farms
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05928-8
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