Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis

Background: A proportion of Dutch World War Two (WWII) survivor offspring reports intrusions about a war they have not experienced themselves. Knowledge about the content of these intrusions may provide an in-depth understanding of the themes impacting the mental health of offspring and the intergen...

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Main Authors: Patricia Dashorst, Trudy Mooren, Wencke Donath, Anne Blonk, Rolf Kleber, Peter de Jong, Rafaele Huntjens
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:European Journal of Psychotraumatology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20008066.2025.2507452
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author Patricia Dashorst
Trudy Mooren
Wencke Donath
Anne Blonk
Rolf Kleber
Peter de Jong
Rafaele Huntjens
author_facet Patricia Dashorst
Trudy Mooren
Wencke Donath
Anne Blonk
Rolf Kleber
Peter de Jong
Rafaele Huntjens
author_sort Patricia Dashorst
collection DOAJ
description Background: A proportion of Dutch World War Two (WWII) survivor offspring reports intrusions about a war they have not experienced themselves. Knowledge about the content of these intrusions may provide an in-depth understanding of the themes impacting the mental health of offspring and the intergenerational consequences of parental traumatic WWII events. Therefore, this study used a qualitative approach to examine the core themes of indirect intrusions reported by survivor offspring.Methods: Participants (N = 41) were post-war-born offspring of WWII survivors. They were in treatment in one of two national clinics specialized in the treatment of war victims. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the written descriptions of indirect intrusions reported in the offspring sample and related to WWII survivor experiences.Results: The analysis indicated the following themes: Cruelty (with several subthemes), Perspective (first or third person), Sensory perceptions, and Emotions.Conclusions: Offspring mostly described intrusions about WWII as visual cruel images from a first-person perspective, provoking distress and other strong emotions. Indirect intrusions may signify intergenerational consequences of parental traumatic events. Therefore, special attention is needed to the presence and content of indirect intrusions among offspring of survivors of wars or other traumatic events.
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spelling doaj-art-45504d0bc4c94908aafc4ffcd2a10e892025-08-20T02:21:25ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology2000-80662025-12-0116110.1080/20008066.2025.2507452Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysisPatricia Dashorst0Trudy Mooren1Wencke Donath2Anne Blonk3Rolf Kleber4Peter de Jong5Rafaele Huntjens6ARQ Centrum’45, Diemen/Oegstgeest, the NetherlandsARQ Centrum’45, Diemen/Oegstgeest, the NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsARQ Centrum’45, Diemen/Oegstgeest, the NetherlandsARQ Centrum’45, Diemen/Oegstgeest, the NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsBackground: A proportion of Dutch World War Two (WWII) survivor offspring reports intrusions about a war they have not experienced themselves. Knowledge about the content of these intrusions may provide an in-depth understanding of the themes impacting the mental health of offspring and the intergenerational consequences of parental traumatic WWII events. Therefore, this study used a qualitative approach to examine the core themes of indirect intrusions reported by survivor offspring.Methods: Participants (N = 41) were post-war-born offspring of WWII survivors. They were in treatment in one of two national clinics specialized in the treatment of war victims. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the written descriptions of indirect intrusions reported in the offspring sample and related to WWII survivor experiences.Results: The analysis indicated the following themes: Cruelty (with several subthemes), Perspective (first or third person), Sensory perceptions, and Emotions.Conclusions: Offspring mostly described intrusions about WWII as visual cruel images from a first-person perspective, provoking distress and other strong emotions. Indirect intrusions may signify intergenerational consequences of parental traumatic events. Therefore, special attention is needed to the presence and content of indirect intrusions among offspring of survivors of wars or other traumatic events.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20008066.2025.2507452World War IIPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)intrusive memoriesintergenerational traumaqualitative thematic content analysisSegunda Guerra Mundial
spellingShingle Patricia Dashorst
Trudy Mooren
Wencke Donath
Anne Blonk
Rolf Kleber
Peter de Jong
Rafaele Huntjens
Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis
European Journal of Psychotraumatology
World War II
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
intrusive memories
intergenerational trauma
qualitative thematic content analysis
Segunda Guerra Mundial
title Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis
title_full Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis
title_fullStr Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis
title_full_unstemmed Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis
title_short Indirect intrusions about World War Two in survivor offspring: a qualitative thematic content analysis
title_sort indirect intrusions about world war two in survivor offspring a qualitative thematic content analysis
topic World War II
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
intrusive memories
intergenerational trauma
qualitative thematic content analysis
Segunda Guerra Mundial
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20008066.2025.2507452
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