Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats

Abstract Branching networks are key elements in natural landscapes and have attracted sustained research interest across the geosciences and numerous intersecting fields. The prevailing consensus has long held that branching networks are optimized and exhibit fractal properties adhering to power-law...

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Main Authors: Fan Xu, Zeng Zhou, Sergio Fagherazzi, Andrea D’Alpaos, Ian Townend, Kun Zhao, Weiming Xie, Leicheng Guo, Xianye Wang, Zhong Peng, Zhicheng Yang, Chunpeng Chen, Guangcheng Cheng, Yuan Xu, Qing He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54154-9
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author Fan Xu
Zeng Zhou
Sergio Fagherazzi
Andrea D’Alpaos
Ian Townend
Kun Zhao
Weiming Xie
Leicheng Guo
Xianye Wang
Zhong Peng
Zhicheng Yang
Chunpeng Chen
Guangcheng Cheng
Yuan Xu
Qing He
author_facet Fan Xu
Zeng Zhou
Sergio Fagherazzi
Andrea D’Alpaos
Ian Townend
Kun Zhao
Weiming Xie
Leicheng Guo
Xianye Wang
Zhong Peng
Zhicheng Yang
Chunpeng Chen
Guangcheng Cheng
Yuan Xu
Qing He
author_sort Fan Xu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Branching networks are key elements in natural landscapes and have attracted sustained research interest across the geosciences and numerous intersecting fields. The prevailing consensus has long held that branching networks are optimized and exhibit fractal properties adhering to power-law scaling relationships. However, tidal networks in coastal wetlands and mudflats exhibit scaling properties that defy conventional power-law descriptions, presenting a longstanding enigma. Here we show that the observed atypical scaling represents a universal deviation from an ideal fractal branching network capable of fully occupying the available space. Using satellite imagery of tidal networks from diverse global locations, we identified an inherent “laziness” in this deviation—where the increased ease of channel formation paradoxically decreases the space-filling efficiency of the network. We developed a theoretical model that reproduces the ideal fractal branching network and the laziness phenomenon. The model suggests that branching networks can emerge under a localized competition principle without adhering to conventionally assumed optimization-driven processes. These results reveal the dual nature of branching networks, where “laziness” complements the well-known optimization process. This property provides more flexible strategies for controlling tidal network morphogenesis, with implications for coastal management, wetland restoration, and studies in fluvial and planetary systems.
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issn 2041-1723
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spelling doaj-art-454db4c7e9bb4df296d3c3bfd01e76d12025-08-20T02:49:59ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-11-0115111110.1038/s41467-024-54154-9Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflatsFan Xu0Zeng Zhou1Sergio Fagherazzi2Andrea D’Alpaos3Ian Townend4Kun Zhao5Weiming Xie6Leicheng Guo7Xianye Wang8Zhong Peng9Zhicheng Yang10Chunpeng Chen11Guangcheng Cheng12Yuan Xu13Qing He14State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityThe National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai UniversityDepartment of Earth and Environment, Boston UniversityDepartment of Geosciences, University of PadovaSchool of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of SouthamptonThe National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of GeorgiaState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal UniversityAbstract Branching networks are key elements in natural landscapes and have attracted sustained research interest across the geosciences and numerous intersecting fields. The prevailing consensus has long held that branching networks are optimized and exhibit fractal properties adhering to power-law scaling relationships. However, tidal networks in coastal wetlands and mudflats exhibit scaling properties that defy conventional power-law descriptions, presenting a longstanding enigma. Here we show that the observed atypical scaling represents a universal deviation from an ideal fractal branching network capable of fully occupying the available space. Using satellite imagery of tidal networks from diverse global locations, we identified an inherent “laziness” in this deviation—where the increased ease of channel formation paradoxically decreases the space-filling efficiency of the network. We developed a theoretical model that reproduces the ideal fractal branching network and the laziness phenomenon. The model suggests that branching networks can emerge under a localized competition principle without adhering to conventionally assumed optimization-driven processes. These results reveal the dual nature of branching networks, where “laziness” complements the well-known optimization process. This property provides more flexible strategies for controlling tidal network morphogenesis, with implications for coastal management, wetland restoration, and studies in fluvial and planetary systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54154-9
spellingShingle Fan Xu
Zeng Zhou
Sergio Fagherazzi
Andrea D’Alpaos
Ian Townend
Kun Zhao
Weiming Xie
Leicheng Guo
Xianye Wang
Zhong Peng
Zhicheng Yang
Chunpeng Chen
Guangcheng Cheng
Yuan Xu
Qing He
Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
Nature Communications
title Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
title_full Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
title_fullStr Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
title_full_unstemmed Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
title_short Anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
title_sort anomalous scaling of branching tidal networks in global coastal wetlands and mudflats
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54154-9
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