Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese

Economic hybridization represents a predominant breeding strategy for enhancing poultry quality. In this study, we bred hybrid geese (ZF) by crossing Xianghai Flying geese (FG) as paternal lines with Zi geese (ZG) as maternal lines. ZF exhibited integrated superior traits, including increased body w...

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Main Authors: Hongyu Ni, Yuwei Yang, Chengwen Wang, Zongdi Li, Wuyang Liu, Yuxin Han, Hao Jiang, Hao Sun, Yumei Li, Yonghong Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Poultry Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125005310
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author Hongyu Ni
Yuwei Yang
Chengwen Wang
Zongdi Li
Wuyang Liu
Yuxin Han
Hao Jiang
Hao Sun
Yumei Li
Yonghong Zhang
author_facet Hongyu Ni
Yuwei Yang
Chengwen Wang
Zongdi Li
Wuyang Liu
Yuxin Han
Hao Jiang
Hao Sun
Yumei Li
Yonghong Zhang
author_sort Hongyu Ni
collection DOAJ
description Economic hybridization represents a predominant breeding strategy for enhancing poultry quality. In this study, we bred hybrid geese (ZF) by crossing Xianghai Flying geese (FG) as paternal lines with Zi geese (ZG) as maternal lines. ZF exhibited integrated superior traits, including increased body weight and breast muscle index, reduced abdominal fat, and improved meat quality (enhanced tenderness, deeper red meat color), with notably higher ileal villus height than parental lines. Integrated phenotypic, transcriptomic, gut microbiome and metabolomic analyses systematically revealed regulatory mechanisms underlying heterosis. The analysis showed 87 differentially expressed genes common between ZF and both parents, mainly enriched in energy metabolism and cytoskeletal and cell adhesion-related pathways. Protein-protein interaction networks revealed KDR, CS, PDHA1, IDH2, and GAPDH as key candidate genes (fold change > 2 and P < 0.0001) regulating the host phenotype. Meanwhile, ZF exhibited microbiome reconfiguration, characterized by the dominance of Bacteroides producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), along with beneficial genera such as Megamonas, Romboutsia, and Subdoligranulum. Additionally, there was a depletion of the pathogenic genus Desulfovibrio. Integrated multi-omics analyses demonstrated that host genes and microbiota interact closely, synergistically governing hybrid vigor traits. The findings provide the first theoretical basis for revealing the potential molecular mechanisms by which the host-gut microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese.
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spelling doaj-art-4531ca74a1f04e0a9dcaa6befb8756a92025-08-20T03:08:22ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-08-01104810528910.1016/j.psj.2025.105289Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geeseHongyu Ni0Yuwei Yang1Chengwen Wang2Zongdi Li3Wuyang Liu4Yuxin Han5Hao Jiang6Hao Sun7Yumei Li8Yonghong Zhang9College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaCorresponding author at: College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.; College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR ChinaEconomic hybridization represents a predominant breeding strategy for enhancing poultry quality. In this study, we bred hybrid geese (ZF) by crossing Xianghai Flying geese (FG) as paternal lines with Zi geese (ZG) as maternal lines. ZF exhibited integrated superior traits, including increased body weight and breast muscle index, reduced abdominal fat, and improved meat quality (enhanced tenderness, deeper red meat color), with notably higher ileal villus height than parental lines. Integrated phenotypic, transcriptomic, gut microbiome and metabolomic analyses systematically revealed regulatory mechanisms underlying heterosis. The analysis showed 87 differentially expressed genes common between ZF and both parents, mainly enriched in energy metabolism and cytoskeletal and cell adhesion-related pathways. Protein-protein interaction networks revealed KDR, CS, PDHA1, IDH2, and GAPDH as key candidate genes (fold change > 2 and P < 0.0001) regulating the host phenotype. Meanwhile, ZF exhibited microbiome reconfiguration, characterized by the dominance of Bacteroides producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), along with beneficial genera such as Megamonas, Romboutsia, and Subdoligranulum. Additionally, there was a depletion of the pathogenic genus Desulfovibrio. Integrated multi-omics analyses demonstrated that host genes and microbiota interact closely, synergistically governing hybrid vigor traits. The findings provide the first theoretical basis for revealing the potential molecular mechanisms by which the host-gut microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125005310Hybrid gooseEconomic traitsTranscriptomeGut microbiomeSCFAs
spellingShingle Hongyu Ni
Yuwei Yang
Chengwen Wang
Zongdi Li
Wuyang Liu
Yuxin Han
Hao Jiang
Hao Sun
Yumei Li
Yonghong Zhang
Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
Poultry Science
Hybrid goose
Economic traits
Transcriptome
Gut microbiome
SCFAs
title Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
title_full Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
title_fullStr Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
title_full_unstemmed Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
title_short Multiomics analysis uncovers host-microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
title_sort multiomics analysis uncovers host microbiota interactions regulate hybrid vigor traits in geese
topic Hybrid goose
Economic traits
Transcriptome
Gut microbiome
SCFAs
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125005310
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