In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima
Abstract Halophytes adapted to saline environments are rich sources of bioactive compounds with notable pharmacological potential. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. a well-known halophyte, has been traditionally employed for its medicinal benefits. This study investigates the phytochemical composition an...
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Springer
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Discover Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06912-7 |
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| author | R. Pavithra Mohammad Rashid Khan Mohd Shahanbaj Khan |
| author_facet | R. Pavithra Mohammad Rashid Khan Mohd Shahanbaj Khan |
| author_sort | R. Pavithra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Halophytes adapted to saline environments are rich sources of bioactive compounds with notable pharmacological potential. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. a well-known halophyte, has been traditionally employed for its medicinal benefits. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and bioactive potential of S. maritima extracts obtained through sequential extraction using hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water. The primary objective is to assess the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of these extracts. Among the different solvent extracts, the methanol extract exhibited the highest concentration of bioactive compounds. Quantitative analysis revealed that the methanol extract contained significant amounts of phenols (185.92 mg GAE g⁻1), flavonoids (453.84 mg QCE g⁻1), terpenoids (246.36 mg linalool Eq g⁻1), saponins (50.75 mg diosgenin Eq g⁻1), and steroids (96.74 mg stigmasterol Eq g⁻1). Antioxidant activity assessed via DPPH assay showed an IC50 of 165.72 µg mL⁻1 for methanol extract compared to ascorbic acid (115.06 µg mL⁻1). Anti-inflammatory activity measured through protein denaturation inhibition revealed an IC50 of 203.55 µg mL⁻1 for methanol extract compared to diclofenac sodium (169.33 µg mL⁻1). The in vitro cytotoxicity assay against A549 lung cancer cells demonstrated that the methanol extract exhibited significant activity, with an IC50 of 52.55 µg mL⁻1, compared to doxorubicin (38.84 µg mL⁻1). LC–MS/MS analysis identified twelve bioactive compounds in the methanol extract, including phenols, steroid derivatives, terpenoid derivatives, anthraquinones, glycoside esters, and flavonoids. In conclusion, the methanol extract of S. maritima exhibited notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, underscoring its promise as a rich source of novel bioactive compounds. Further studies should aim at isolating and identifying these active constituents and elucidating their mechanisms through detailed in vivo investigations to support the development of effective, natural therapeutic agents. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4530da75f5f248a488ea6fee209ae65c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3004-9261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4530da75f5f248a488ea6fee209ae65c2025-08-20T04:02:55ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-06-017611410.1007/s42452-025-06912-7In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritimaR. Pavithra0Mohammad Rashid Khan1Mohd Shahanbaj Khan2School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyAbstract Halophytes adapted to saline environments are rich sources of bioactive compounds with notable pharmacological potential. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. a well-known halophyte, has been traditionally employed for its medicinal benefits. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and bioactive potential of S. maritima extracts obtained through sequential extraction using hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water. The primary objective is to assess the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of these extracts. Among the different solvent extracts, the methanol extract exhibited the highest concentration of bioactive compounds. Quantitative analysis revealed that the methanol extract contained significant amounts of phenols (185.92 mg GAE g⁻1), flavonoids (453.84 mg QCE g⁻1), terpenoids (246.36 mg linalool Eq g⁻1), saponins (50.75 mg diosgenin Eq g⁻1), and steroids (96.74 mg stigmasterol Eq g⁻1). Antioxidant activity assessed via DPPH assay showed an IC50 of 165.72 µg mL⁻1 for methanol extract compared to ascorbic acid (115.06 µg mL⁻1). Anti-inflammatory activity measured through protein denaturation inhibition revealed an IC50 of 203.55 µg mL⁻1 for methanol extract compared to diclofenac sodium (169.33 µg mL⁻1). The in vitro cytotoxicity assay against A549 lung cancer cells demonstrated that the methanol extract exhibited significant activity, with an IC50 of 52.55 µg mL⁻1, compared to doxorubicin (38.84 µg mL⁻1). LC–MS/MS analysis identified twelve bioactive compounds in the methanol extract, including phenols, steroid derivatives, terpenoid derivatives, anthraquinones, glycoside esters, and flavonoids. In conclusion, the methanol extract of S. maritima exhibited notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, underscoring its promise as a rich source of novel bioactive compounds. Further studies should aim at isolating and identifying these active constituents and elucidating their mechanisms through detailed in vivo investigations to support the development of effective, natural therapeutic agents.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06912-7Suaeda maritimaHalophytePhytochemicalsCancer |
| spellingShingle | R. Pavithra Mohammad Rashid Khan Mohd Shahanbaj Khan In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima Discover Applied Sciences Suaeda maritima Halophyte Phytochemicals Cancer |
| title | In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima |
| title_full | In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima |
| title_fullStr | In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima |
| title_short | In vitro evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of Suaeda maritima |
| title_sort | in vitro evaluation of phytochemical antioxidant anti inflammatory and anticancer properties of suaeda maritima |
| topic | Suaeda maritima Halophyte Phytochemicals Cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06912-7 |
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