NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID
NETosis, the process through which neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has emerged as a crucial mechanism in host defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune responses. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this process received significant attention due to the central role of neutro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Translational Autoimmunity |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909025000152 |
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| author | Diana M. Monsalve Yeny Acosta-Ampudia Nicolás Guerrero Acosta Mariana Celis-Andrade Ali Şahin Ahsen Morva Yilmaz Yehuda Shoenfeld Carolina Ramírez-Santana |
| author_facet | Diana M. Monsalve Yeny Acosta-Ampudia Nicolás Guerrero Acosta Mariana Celis-Andrade Ali Şahin Ahsen Morva Yilmaz Yehuda Shoenfeld Carolina Ramírez-Santana |
| author_sort | Diana M. Monsalve |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NETosis, the process through which neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has emerged as a crucial mechanism in host defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune responses. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this process received significant attention due to the central role of neutrophil recruitment and activation in infection control. However, elevated neutrophil levels and dysregulated NET formation have been linked to coagulopathy and endothelial damage, correlating with disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19. Moreover, it is known that SARS-CoV-2 can induce persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, known as long COVID, although the underlying causes remain unclear. It has been increasingly acknowledged that excessive NETosis and NET generation contribute to further pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review provides an updated overview of the role of NETosis in autoimmune diseases, but also the relationship between COVID-19 and long COVID with autoimmunity (e.g., latent and overt autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, epitope spreading) and NETosis (e.g., immune responses, NET markers). Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated NETosis to mitigate the severe complications of COVID-19 and long COVID. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-45281f737ef1425ab9f46cd0cb6d0d27 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2589-9090 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Translational Autoimmunity |
| spelling | doaj-art-45281f737ef1425ab9f46cd0cb6d0d272025-08-20T02:05:36ZengElsevierJournal of Translational Autoimmunity2589-90902025-06-011010028010.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100280NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVIDDiana M. Monsalve0Yeny Acosta-Ampudia1Nicolás Guerrero Acosta2Mariana Celis-Andrade3Ali Şahin4Ahsen Morva Yilmaz5Yehuda Shoenfeld6Carolina Ramírez-Santana7Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaCenter for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaCenter for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaCenter for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaSelcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, TurkiyeTUBITAK Marmara Research Center (TUBITAK-MAM), Life Sciences, Medical Biotechnology Unit, Kocaeli, TurkiyeZabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Reichman University, Herzelia, IsraelCenter for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Corresponding author. Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63-C-69, Bogotá, 111221, Colombia.NETosis, the process through which neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has emerged as a crucial mechanism in host defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune responses. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this process received significant attention due to the central role of neutrophil recruitment and activation in infection control. However, elevated neutrophil levels and dysregulated NET formation have been linked to coagulopathy and endothelial damage, correlating with disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19. Moreover, it is known that SARS-CoV-2 can induce persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, known as long COVID, although the underlying causes remain unclear. It has been increasingly acknowledged that excessive NETosis and NET generation contribute to further pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review provides an updated overview of the role of NETosis in autoimmune diseases, but also the relationship between COVID-19 and long COVID with autoimmunity (e.g., latent and overt autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, epitope spreading) and NETosis (e.g., immune responses, NET markers). Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated NETosis to mitigate the severe complications of COVID-19 and long COVID.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909025000152NETsNeutrophilsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19AutoimmunityLong COVID |
| spellingShingle | Diana M. Monsalve Yeny Acosta-Ampudia Nicolás Guerrero Acosta Mariana Celis-Andrade Ali Şahin Ahsen Morva Yilmaz Yehuda Shoenfeld Carolina Ramírez-Santana NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID Journal of Translational Autoimmunity NETs Neutrophils SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Autoimmunity Long COVID |
| title | NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID |
| title_full | NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID |
| title_fullStr | NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID |
| title_full_unstemmed | NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID |
| title_short | NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID |
| title_sort | netosis a key player in autoimmunity covid 19 and long covid |
| topic | NETs Neutrophils SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Autoimmunity Long COVID |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589909025000152 |
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