Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India
Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging dis...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/381 |
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| author | Swaraj Rajkhowa Joyshikh Sonowal Seema Rani Pegu Rajib Deb Vivek Kumar Gupta |
| author_facet | Swaraj Rajkhowa Joyshikh Sonowal Seema Rani Pegu Rajib Deb Vivek Kumar Gupta |
| author_sort | Swaraj Rajkhowa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products. Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus (NiV) and recurrent threats from swine influenza virus (SIV) demonstrate that the zoonotic landscape is evolving. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses like rotavirus, pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India. Emerging evidence also implicates viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) in localized outbreaks, indicating broader zoonotic potential. Novel risks such as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the role of pigs as potential intermediaries for pandemic-prone viruses. This comprehensive study evaluates the prevalence, outbreak dynamics, and public health implications of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in India, providing valuable direction for developing effective control measures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-451f71c6f51c4b32b64f063ceaf8c6ce |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-451f71c6f51c4b32b64f063ceaf8c6ce2025-08-20T02:43:10ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117338110.3390/v17030381Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in IndiaSwaraj Rajkhowa0Joyshikh Sonowal1Seema Rani Pegu2Rajib Deb3Vivek Kumar Gupta4ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam Agricultural University, Sribhumi 788712, IndiaICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, IndiaICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, IndiaICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, IndiaPigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products. Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus (NiV) and recurrent threats from swine influenza virus (SIV) demonstrate that the zoonotic landscape is evolving. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses like rotavirus, pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India. Emerging evidence also implicates viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) in localized outbreaks, indicating broader zoonotic potential. Novel risks such as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the role of pigs as potential intermediaries for pandemic-prone viruses. This comprehensive study evaluates the prevalence, outbreak dynamics, and public health implications of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in India, providing valuable direction for developing effective control measures.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/381zoonotic virusespigsJapanese encephalitis virusNipah virusswine influenzaemerging zoonoses |
| spellingShingle | Swaraj Rajkhowa Joyshikh Sonowal Seema Rani Pegu Rajib Deb Vivek Kumar Gupta Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India Viruses zoonotic viruses pigs Japanese encephalitis virus Nipah virus swine influenza emerging zoonoses |
| title | Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India |
| title_full | Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India |
| title_short | Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India |
| title_sort | epidemiology and emerging trends of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in india |
| topic | zoonotic viruses pigs Japanese encephalitis virus Nipah virus swine influenza emerging zoonoses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/381 |
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