Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers
We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of socioeconomic (population, gross domestic product, fertilizer use and emission, and land use) and hydrological factors (precipitation and river discharge) and their relationships with water quality, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia-n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability |
| Online Access: | https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/ehs.0345 |
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| author | Khanittha Uthaipan Zhongwei Yuan Yangyang Zhao Wissarut Intararuang Varintha Vasinamekhin Chalermrat Sangmanee Somkiat Khokiattiwong Minhan Dai |
| author_facet | Khanittha Uthaipan Zhongwei Yuan Yangyang Zhao Wissarut Intararuang Varintha Vasinamekhin Chalermrat Sangmanee Somkiat Khokiattiwong Minhan Dai |
| author_sort | Khanittha Uthaipan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of socioeconomic (population, gross domestic product, fertilizer use and emission, and land use) and hydrological factors (precipitation and river discharge) and their relationships with water quality, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and coliform bacteria, across 5 major river basins in Thailand’s Central Plain (2011 to 2018). Our findings reveal that 85% of the deforestation land in this study area was converted to agricultural land, a process that coincided with increased fertilizer use (by 7.7% nitrogen and 9.1% phosphorus) and emission from agricultural runoff (by 7.8% nitrate and 9.3% phosphate). During this period, socioeconomic development, characterized by a 2.8% population increase, 6.1% gross domestic product growth, and 9.4% expansion of built-up areas, was most pronounced in the lower Chao Phraya River basin. Such rapid socioeconomic development is subsequently evident in the lower Tha Chin River basin. The lower reaches of both rivers consequently exhibited severe water quality degradation. These regions exhibited severe dissolved oxygen depletion (<3 mg l−1), higher biochemical oxygen demand (>6 mg l−1), higher NH3-N (>1.3 mg l−1), and higher coliform bacterial levels (total coliform bacteria > 89 × 103 MPN 100 ml−1 and fecal coliform bacteria > 50 × 103 MPN 100 ml−1). Although river discharge overwhelms socioeconomic factors as the primary determinant of the interannual variability in water quality, all water quality parameters showed stronger correlations with socioeconomic factors than with hydrological factors, underscoring the dominant role of local socioeconomic development in shaping the spatial pattern of water quality. These insights can thus inform strategies for sustainable water resource management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4518150a48ac4345be59ae6cd0f38fe0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2332-8878 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability |
| spelling | doaj-art-4518150a48ac4345be59ae6cd0f38fe02025-08-20T03:52:16ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2332-88782025-01-011110.34133/ehs.0345Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major RiversKhanittha Uthaipan0Zhongwei Yuan1Yangyang Zhao2Wissarut Intararuang3Varintha Vasinamekhin4Chalermrat Sangmanee5Somkiat Khokiattiwong6Minhan Dai7State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.Phuket Marine Biological Center, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Phuket 83000, Thailand.Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center (Upper Gulf of Thailand), Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand.Phuket Marine Biological Center, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Phuket 83000, Thailand.Phuket Marine Biological Center, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Phuket 83000, Thailand.State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of socioeconomic (population, gross domestic product, fertilizer use and emission, and land use) and hydrological factors (precipitation and river discharge) and their relationships with water quality, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and coliform bacteria, across 5 major river basins in Thailand’s Central Plain (2011 to 2018). Our findings reveal that 85% of the deforestation land in this study area was converted to agricultural land, a process that coincided with increased fertilizer use (by 7.7% nitrogen and 9.1% phosphorus) and emission from agricultural runoff (by 7.8% nitrate and 9.3% phosphate). During this period, socioeconomic development, characterized by a 2.8% population increase, 6.1% gross domestic product growth, and 9.4% expansion of built-up areas, was most pronounced in the lower Chao Phraya River basin. Such rapid socioeconomic development is subsequently evident in the lower Tha Chin River basin. The lower reaches of both rivers consequently exhibited severe water quality degradation. These regions exhibited severe dissolved oxygen depletion (<3 mg l−1), higher biochemical oxygen demand (>6 mg l−1), higher NH3-N (>1.3 mg l−1), and higher coliform bacterial levels (total coliform bacteria > 89 × 103 MPN 100 ml−1 and fecal coliform bacteria > 50 × 103 MPN 100 ml−1). Although river discharge overwhelms socioeconomic factors as the primary determinant of the interannual variability in water quality, all water quality parameters showed stronger correlations with socioeconomic factors than with hydrological factors, underscoring the dominant role of local socioeconomic development in shaping the spatial pattern of water quality. These insights can thus inform strategies for sustainable water resource management.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/ehs.0345 |
| spellingShingle | Khanittha Uthaipan Zhongwei Yuan Yangyang Zhao Wissarut Intararuang Varintha Vasinamekhin Chalermrat Sangmanee Somkiat Khokiattiwong Minhan Dai Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers Ecosystem Health and Sustainability |
| title | Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Variations in Socioeconomic and Hydrological Factors Impacting Water Quality in Thailand’s Major Rivers |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal variations in socioeconomic and hydrological factors impacting water quality in thailand s major rivers |
| url | https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/ehs.0345 |
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