Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance
End-tidal breath gases originate deep within the lungs, and their composition is an especially accurate reflection of the body’s metabolism and health status. Therefore, accurate collection of end-tidal breath gases is crucial to enhance electronic noses’ performance in breath detection. Regarding t...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/463 |
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| author | Dongfu Xu Pu Liu Xiangming Meng Yizhou Chen Lei Du Yan Zhang Lixin Qiao Wei Zhang Jiale Kuang Jingjing Liu |
| author_facet | Dongfu Xu Pu Liu Xiangming Meng Yizhou Chen Lei Du Yan Zhang Lixin Qiao Wei Zhang Jiale Kuang Jingjing Liu |
| author_sort | Dongfu Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | End-tidal breath gases originate deep within the lungs, and their composition is an especially accurate reflection of the body’s metabolism and health status. Therefore, accurate collection of end-tidal breath gases is crucial to enhance electronic noses’ performance in breath detection. Regarding this issue, this study proposes a novel electronic nose system and employs a threshold control method based on exhaled gas flow characteristics to design a gas collection module. The module monitors real-time gas flow with a flow meter and integrates solenoid valves to regulate the gas path, enabling automatic collection of end-tidal breath gas. In this way, the design reduces dead space gas contamination and the impact of individual breathing pattern differences. The sensor array is designed to detect the collected gas, and the response chamber is optimized to improve the detection stability. At the same time, the control module realizes automation of the experiment process, including control of the gas path state, signal transmission, and data storage. Finally, the system is used for breath detection. We employ classical machine learning algorithms to classify breath samples from different health conditions with a classification accuracy of more than 90%, which is better than the accuracy achieved in other studies of this type. This is due to the improved quality of the gas we extracted, demonstrating the superiority of our proposed electronic nose system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-45106c73fd614cc89be42373fbe0474f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj-art-45106c73fd614cc89be42373fbe0474f2025-08-20T02:28:27ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-04-0116446310.3390/mi16040463Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection PerformanceDongfu Xu0Pu Liu1Xiangming Meng2Yizhou Chen3Lei Du4Yan Zhang5Lixin Qiao6Wei Zhang7Jiale Kuang8Jingjing Liu9College of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaNeuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USACollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaCollege of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaEnd-tidal breath gases originate deep within the lungs, and their composition is an especially accurate reflection of the body’s metabolism and health status. Therefore, accurate collection of end-tidal breath gases is crucial to enhance electronic noses’ performance in breath detection. Regarding this issue, this study proposes a novel electronic nose system and employs a threshold control method based on exhaled gas flow characteristics to design a gas collection module. The module monitors real-time gas flow with a flow meter and integrates solenoid valves to regulate the gas path, enabling automatic collection of end-tidal breath gas. In this way, the design reduces dead space gas contamination and the impact of individual breathing pattern differences. The sensor array is designed to detect the collected gas, and the response chamber is optimized to improve the detection stability. At the same time, the control module realizes automation of the experiment process, including control of the gas path state, signal transmission, and data storage. Finally, the system is used for breath detection. We employ classical machine learning algorithms to classify breath samples from different health conditions with a classification accuracy of more than 90%, which is better than the accuracy achieved in other studies of this type. This is due to the improved quality of the gas we extracted, demonstrating the superiority of our proposed electronic nose system.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/463electronic noseend-tidal breath gasesexhaled breath analysis |
| spellingShingle | Dongfu Xu Pu Liu Xiangming Meng Yizhou Chen Lei Du Yan Zhang Lixin Qiao Wei Zhang Jiale Kuang Jingjing Liu Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance Micromachines electronic nose end-tidal breath gases exhaled breath analysis |
| title | Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance |
| title_full | Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance |
| title_fullStr | Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance |
| title_short | Design of an Electronic Nose System with Automatic End-Tidal Breath Gas Collection for Enhanced Breath Detection Performance |
| title_sort | design of an electronic nose system with automatic end tidal breath gas collection for enhanced breath detection performance |
| topic | electronic nose end-tidal breath gases exhaled breath analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/463 |
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