Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection
In this study, two methods for assessing the purity of A2 fermented milk and β-casein genotypes in dairy cows were examined. The need for rapid and precise methods for herd screening and A2 milk quality control justified this study. Accordingly, an ELISA test was developed to identify β-casein A1 in...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Dairy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/5/4/57 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850241168413032448 |
|---|---|
| author | Leandra Oliveira Xavier Albiero Rafaela Ansiliero Aniela Pinto Kempka |
| author_facet | Leandra Oliveira Xavier Albiero Rafaela Ansiliero Aniela Pinto Kempka |
| author_sort | Leandra Oliveira Xavier Albiero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, two methods for assessing the purity of A2 fermented milk and β-casein genotypes in dairy cows were examined. The need for rapid and precise methods for herd screening and A2 milk quality control justified this study. Accordingly, an ELISA test was developed to identify β-casein A1 in fermented milk, and a commercial Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) was evaluated to determine A2A2 genotypes and the purity of A2 milk. The results demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test in identifying β-casein A1. The LFIA test successfully identified A2A2 genotypes and confirmed the purity of A2 milk, with a minimum detectable contamination of 5% for raw milk and 10% for fermented milk. Both tests exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, resulting in positive and negative predictive values of 100%. The positive likelihood ratio was infinite, while the negative was zero, indicating a precise and reliable test with no false diagnoses. Compared to traditional genotyping, these methods proved to be more practical and showed potential for large-scale screening. It was concluded that ELISA and LFIA are valuable tools for ensuring the quality and authenticity of A2 milk, meeting the demands of producers and consumers for safe and healthy dairy products. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-45097e451f8248ce9cd513e84d75135d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2624-862X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dairy |
| spelling | doaj-art-45097e451f8248ce9cd513e84d75135d2025-08-20T02:00:41ZengMDPI AGDairy2624-862X2024-12-015478679910.3390/dairy5040057Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity DetectionLeandra Oliveira Xavier Albiero0Rafaela Ansiliero1Aniela Pinto Kempka2Multicenter Program in Postgraduate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Production and Food, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, BrazilMulticenter Program in Postgraduate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Production and Food, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, BrazilMulticenter Program in Postgraduate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Pinhalzinho 89870-000, BrazilIn this study, two methods for assessing the purity of A2 fermented milk and β-casein genotypes in dairy cows were examined. The need for rapid and precise methods for herd screening and A2 milk quality control justified this study. Accordingly, an ELISA test was developed to identify β-casein A1 in fermented milk, and a commercial Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) was evaluated to determine A2A2 genotypes and the purity of A2 milk. The results demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test in identifying β-casein A1. The LFIA test successfully identified A2A2 genotypes and confirmed the purity of A2 milk, with a minimum detectable contamination of 5% for raw milk and 10% for fermented milk. Both tests exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, resulting in positive and negative predictive values of 100%. The positive likelihood ratio was infinite, while the negative was zero, indicating a precise and reliable test with no false diagnoses. Compared to traditional genotyping, these methods proved to be more practical and showed potential for large-scale screening. It was concluded that ELISA and LFIA are valuable tools for ensuring the quality and authenticity of A2 milk, meeting the demands of producers and consumers for safe and healthy dairy products.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/5/4/57A2A2 dairy cowsgenotypingELISALFIAcomparison of methodsfacilitated analysis |
| spellingShingle | Leandra Oliveira Xavier Albiero Rafaela Ansiliero Aniela Pinto Kempka Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection Dairy A2A2 dairy cows genotyping ELISA LFIA comparison of methods facilitated analysis |
| title | Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of Rapid and Less Invasive Methods for A2A2 Dairy Cattle Genotyping and A2 Milk Purity Detection |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of rapid and less invasive methods for a2a2 dairy cattle genotyping and a2 milk purity detection |
| topic | A2A2 dairy cows genotyping ELISA LFIA comparison of methods facilitated analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/5/4/57 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leandraoliveiraxavieralbiero comparativeanalysisofrapidandlessinvasivemethodsfora2a2dairycattlegenotypinganda2milkpuritydetection AT rafaelaansiliero comparativeanalysisofrapidandlessinvasivemethodsfora2a2dairycattlegenotypinganda2milkpuritydetection AT anielapintokempka comparativeanalysisofrapidandlessinvasivemethodsfora2a2dairycattlegenotypinganda2milkpuritydetection |