Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of cataract surgery. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of PCO involves the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs), which undergo transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype, hyperproliferation, matrix contraction,...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Chenshuang Li Weijia Yan Hong Yan |
| author_facet | Chenshuang Li Weijia Yan Hong Yan |
| author_sort | Chenshuang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of cataract surgery. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of PCO involves the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs), which undergo transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype, hyperproliferation, matrix contraction, and matrix deposition. This process is driven by the marked upregulation of inflammatory and growth factors post-surgery. Recently, research on the role of redox environments has gained considerable attention. LECs, which are in direct contact with the aqueous humour after cataract surgery, are subjected to oxidative stress due to decreased levels of reduced glutathione and increased oxygen content compared to contact with the outer fibre layer of the lens before surgery. In this review, we examine the critical role of oxidative stress in PCO formation. We also focus on glutaredoxins (Grxs), which are antioxidative enzymes produced via deglutathionylation, their protective role against PCO formation, and their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancements in PCO therapy, particularly the development of advanced antioxidative pharmacological agents, and emphasise the importance and approaches of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatments in PCO management. In conclusion, this review highlights the significant roles of oxidative stress in PCO, the protective effects of Grxs against PCO formation, and the potential of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies in treating PCO. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4502acc0b4a14871b49397a956ca06d2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-4502acc0b4a14871b49397a956ca06d22025-08-20T02:11:08ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-10-011310121010.3390/antiox13101210Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular OpacificationChenshuang Li0Weijia Yan1Hong Yan2Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People’s Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an 710004, ChinaEye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University Eye Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People’s Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an 710004, ChinaPosterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of cataract surgery. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of PCO involves the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs), which undergo transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype, hyperproliferation, matrix contraction, and matrix deposition. This process is driven by the marked upregulation of inflammatory and growth factors post-surgery. Recently, research on the role of redox environments has gained considerable attention. LECs, which are in direct contact with the aqueous humour after cataract surgery, are subjected to oxidative stress due to decreased levels of reduced glutathione and increased oxygen content compared to contact with the outer fibre layer of the lens before surgery. In this review, we examine the critical role of oxidative stress in PCO formation. We also focus on glutaredoxins (Grxs), which are antioxidative enzymes produced via deglutathionylation, their protective role against PCO formation, and their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancements in PCO therapy, particularly the development of advanced antioxidative pharmacological agents, and emphasise the importance and approaches of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatments in PCO management. In conclusion, this review highlights the significant roles of oxidative stress in PCO, the protective effects of Grxs against PCO formation, and the potential of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies in treating PCO.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/10/1210posterior capsular opacificationepidemiologypathogenesisoxidative stressglutaredoxinsadvanced antioxidative pharmacological agent |
| spellingShingle | Chenshuang Li Weijia Yan Hong Yan Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification Antioxidants posterior capsular opacification epidemiology pathogenesis oxidative stress glutaredoxins advanced antioxidative pharmacological agent |
| title | Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins, and Their Therapeutic Potential in Posterior Capsular Opacification |
| title_sort | oxidative stress glutaredoxins and their therapeutic potential in posterior capsular opacification |
| topic | posterior capsular opacification epidemiology pathogenesis oxidative stress glutaredoxins advanced antioxidative pharmacological agent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/10/1210 |
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