Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.
Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) is an evergreen shrub growing in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Asia. It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4521951 |
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| author | Mohammed Al Bratty Hafiz A. Makeen Hassan A. Alhazmi Sohier M. Syame Ashraf N. Abdalla Husham E. Homeida Shahnaz Sultana Waquar Ahsan Asaad Khalid |
| author_facet | Mohammed Al Bratty Hafiz A. Makeen Hassan A. Alhazmi Sohier M. Syame Ashraf N. Abdalla Husham E. Homeida Shahnaz Sultana Waquar Ahsan Asaad Khalid |
| author_sort | Mohammed Al Bratty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) is an evergreen shrub growing in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Asia. It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache, and ulcers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at conducting phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial investigations of the fruits (berries) of S. persica collected from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits using GC-MS showed the presence of six esters (20.71%), seven alkanes (15.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The predominant constituents were acetyl dasycarpidan-1-methanol (10.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The petroleum ether extract of the fruits contained mainly eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (23.81%), 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (11.78%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester derivative (10.56%), and tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%). The cytotoxic properties of the ethanol extract were investigated by MTT assay against the breast MCF7, ovary A2780, and colon HT29 cells. The fruit extract of S. persica was selective against the ovarian and colon cancer cells compared to normal fibroblast cells (MRC5) as it showed IC50 values 17.50, 8.35, and 5.12, against MCF7, A2780, and HT29 cells, respectively. Interestingly, the fruit extract was also found to possess selective antimicrobial activity for Streptococcus mutans isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, it was found to be ineffective against other Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. This study provides insight into the bioactive components present in the fruits of the plant that can be utilized for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-44e23678f0e247d9aa79197a4bd4448d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-44e23678f0e247d9aa79197a4bd4448d2025-02-03T05:49:32ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712020-01-01202010.1155/2020/45219514521951Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.Mohammed Al Bratty0Hafiz A. Makeen1Hassan A. Alhazmi2Sohier M. Syame3Ashraf N. Abdalla4Husham E. Homeida5Shahnaz Sultana6Waquar Ahsan7Asaad Khalid8Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 54142, Saudi ArabiaMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2424, Khartoum 11111, SudanFaculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 54142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaSubstance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaSalvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) is an evergreen shrub growing in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Asia. It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache, and ulcers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at conducting phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial investigations of the fruits (berries) of S. persica collected from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits using GC-MS showed the presence of six esters (20.71%), seven alkanes (15.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The predominant constituents were acetyl dasycarpidan-1-methanol (10.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The petroleum ether extract of the fruits contained mainly eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (23.81%), 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (11.78%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester derivative (10.56%), and tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%). The cytotoxic properties of the ethanol extract were investigated by MTT assay against the breast MCF7, ovary A2780, and colon HT29 cells. The fruit extract of S. persica was selective against the ovarian and colon cancer cells compared to normal fibroblast cells (MRC5) as it showed IC50 values 17.50, 8.35, and 5.12, against MCF7, A2780, and HT29 cells, respectively. Interestingly, the fruit extract was also found to possess selective antimicrobial activity for Streptococcus mutans isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, it was found to be ineffective against other Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. This study provides insight into the bioactive components present in the fruits of the plant that can be utilized for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4521951 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Al Bratty Hafiz A. Makeen Hassan A. Alhazmi Sohier M. Syame Ashraf N. Abdalla Husham E. Homeida Shahnaz Sultana Waquar Ahsan Asaad Khalid Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. |
| title_full | Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. |
| title_short | Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. |
| title_sort | phytochemical cytotoxic and antimicrobial evaluation of the fruits of miswak plant salvadora persica l |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4521951 |
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