Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules like proteins and RNA, impacting both health and disease. Herein, the EVs' significance in physiological and pathological processes is reviewed, emphasising their...

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Main Authors: Debarati Bhowmik, Mohamed T. Patel, Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1592391/full
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author Debarati Bhowmik
Mohamed T. Patel
Mohamed T. Patel
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
author_facet Debarati Bhowmik
Mohamed T. Patel
Mohamed T. Patel
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
author_sort Debarati Bhowmik
collection DOAJ
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules like proteins and RNA, impacting both health and disease. Herein, the EVs' significance in physiological and pathological processes is reviewed, emphasising their potential as biomarkers for diseases including for instance, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular conditions. The principles and applications of Raman spectroscopy (RS) - a powerful tool offering detailed molecular insights into EVs, are further examined. The non-destructive nature of this spectroscopic technique renders it invaluable for studying the molecular composition, purity and concentration of EVs. When EVs are isolated from accessible biofluids such as blood, urine or saliva, the overall process remains minimally invasive, enhancing its clinical applicability. The review highlights Raman spectroscopy’s role in identifying disease-related EVs, distinguishing subpopulations and enhancing our understanding of EVs in disease mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
spelling doaj-art-44bf9ccbb659462492cbd9f5bddca4162025-08-20T03:53:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-05-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.15923911592391Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applicationsDebarati Bhowmik0Mohamed T. Patel1Mohamed T. Patel2Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer3Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer4Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer5Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomAdvanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomHealthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United KingdomAdvanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomHealthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United KingdomCavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules like proteins and RNA, impacting both health and disease. Herein, the EVs' significance in physiological and pathological processes is reviewed, emphasising their potential as biomarkers for diseases including for instance, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular conditions. The principles and applications of Raman spectroscopy (RS) - a powerful tool offering detailed molecular insights into EVs, are further examined. The non-destructive nature of this spectroscopic technique renders it invaluable for studying the molecular composition, purity and concentration of EVs. When EVs are isolated from accessible biofluids such as blood, urine or saliva, the overall process remains minimally invasive, enhancing its clinical applicability. The review highlights Raman spectroscopy’s role in identifying disease-related EVs, distinguishing subpopulations and enhancing our understanding of EVs in disease mechanisms and therapeutic applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1592391/fullextracellular vesiclesRaman spectroscopyRaman imagingdisease diagnosticsSERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering)
spellingShingle Debarati Bhowmik
Mohamed T. Patel
Mohamed T. Patel
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
extracellular vesicles
Raman spectroscopy
Raman imaging
disease diagnostics
SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering)
title Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications
title_full Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications
title_fullStr Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications
title_full_unstemmed Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications
title_short Illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens: a mini review of cutting-edge insights and emerging applications
title_sort illuminating extracellular nanovesicles through the spectroscopic lens a mini review of cutting edge insights and emerging applications
topic extracellular vesicles
Raman spectroscopy
Raman imaging
disease diagnostics
SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering)
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1592391/full
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