Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour

Noodles made from wheat flour have worldwide popularity because of the ease of preparation and the sensory property. However, recent demands for nutritious and gluten-free foods necessitate the search for alternatives. This study explored alternative ingredients for producing gluten-free noodles usi...

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Main Authors: Rosemond Godbless Dadzie, Jerry Ampofo-Asiama, Nazir Kizzie-Hayford, Gifty Serwaa Otoo, Isaaca Adade, Salifu Seidu-Larry, Sandra Voryehor, Jesse Baidooh, Emmanuel Azedaan Ayobe, Moro Shaibu Alima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Food Quality
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jfq/5582669
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author Rosemond Godbless Dadzie
Jerry Ampofo-Asiama
Nazir Kizzie-Hayford
Gifty Serwaa Otoo
Isaaca Adade
Salifu Seidu-Larry
Sandra Voryehor
Jesse Baidooh
Emmanuel Azedaan Ayobe
Moro Shaibu Alima
author_facet Rosemond Godbless Dadzie
Jerry Ampofo-Asiama
Nazir Kizzie-Hayford
Gifty Serwaa Otoo
Isaaca Adade
Salifu Seidu-Larry
Sandra Voryehor
Jesse Baidooh
Emmanuel Azedaan Ayobe
Moro Shaibu Alima
author_sort Rosemond Godbless Dadzie
collection DOAJ
description Noodles made from wheat flour have worldwide popularity because of the ease of preparation and the sensory property. However, recent demands for nutritious and gluten-free foods necessitate the search for alternatives. This study explored alternative ingredients for producing gluten-free noodles using a combined mixture-process design for two components (cassava and Bambara groundnut flours) and process factors (whole egg and xanthan gum). Eight responses were modelled using relevant mixture-process equations based on which the composition of the noodles were optimized using the desirability function. Subsequently, the nutrient content, physicochemical and sensory properties of the optimal noodles were compared with two other formulations to assess the contribution from cassava and Bambara groundnut flours. From the results, the optimal noodles (SA) comprising 70.43% cassava and 29.57% Bambara groundnut flours, 40% whole egg and 0.49% xanthan gum gave the highest desirability index (DI) of 0.82. Comparison of SA with noodles made from 85.06% cassava, 14.64% Bambara groundnut flours of DI, 0.71 (SB) and noodles made from 100% cassava and 0% Bambara groundnut flours of DI, 0.72 (SC), each with 40% whole egg and 0.49% xanthan gum as process variable revealed decreases in the nutrient (g/100 g) (protein, 10.50 ± 0.33; ash, 2.99 ± 0.06; fat, 2.62 ± 0.05), phytochemical (phenolic, 55.39 ± 4.32 mg GAE/g; flavonoids, 0.68 ± 0.03 mg QE/g; tannins, 0.37 ± 0.04 mg/g; antioxidant activity, 145.78 ± 8.42 mg GAE/g) contents and physical properties (browning index, 9.59 ± 0.44; hardness, 68.00 ± 8.19 N; chewiness, 29.32 ± 7.87 N and gumminess, 44.20 ± 5.45 N), whilst the consumer scores for sensory quality and overall acceptability increased when lower levels of Bambara groundnut were used in SB and SC. This shows that Bambara groundnut flour can improve the functionality and nutrient quality, but increasing the content in gluten-free noodles can decrease consumer acceptability.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1745-4557
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Food Quality
spelling doaj-art-44be5224a4d346cea5c40788496b4c8e2025-08-20T03:50:48ZengWileyJournal of Food Quality1745-45572025-01-01202510.1155/jfq/5582669Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite FlourRosemond Godbless Dadzie0Jerry Ampofo-Asiama1Nazir Kizzie-Hayford2Gifty Serwaa Otoo3Isaaca Adade4Salifu Seidu-Larry5Sandra Voryehor6Jesse Baidooh7Emmanuel Azedaan Ayobe8Moro Shaibu Alima9Department of Agricultural EngineeringDepartment of BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest TechnologyDepartment of Agricultural EngineeringDepartment of BiochemistryFountain Foods LimitedFountain Foods LimitedDepartment of BiochemistryFountain Foods LimitedNoodles made from wheat flour have worldwide popularity because of the ease of preparation and the sensory property. However, recent demands for nutritious and gluten-free foods necessitate the search for alternatives. This study explored alternative ingredients for producing gluten-free noodles using a combined mixture-process design for two components (cassava and Bambara groundnut flours) and process factors (whole egg and xanthan gum). Eight responses were modelled using relevant mixture-process equations based on which the composition of the noodles were optimized using the desirability function. Subsequently, the nutrient content, physicochemical and sensory properties of the optimal noodles were compared with two other formulations to assess the contribution from cassava and Bambara groundnut flours. From the results, the optimal noodles (SA) comprising 70.43% cassava and 29.57% Bambara groundnut flours, 40% whole egg and 0.49% xanthan gum gave the highest desirability index (DI) of 0.82. Comparison of SA with noodles made from 85.06% cassava, 14.64% Bambara groundnut flours of DI, 0.71 (SB) and noodles made from 100% cassava and 0% Bambara groundnut flours of DI, 0.72 (SC), each with 40% whole egg and 0.49% xanthan gum as process variable revealed decreases in the nutrient (g/100 g) (protein, 10.50 ± 0.33; ash, 2.99 ± 0.06; fat, 2.62 ± 0.05), phytochemical (phenolic, 55.39 ± 4.32 mg GAE/g; flavonoids, 0.68 ± 0.03 mg QE/g; tannins, 0.37 ± 0.04 mg/g; antioxidant activity, 145.78 ± 8.42 mg GAE/g) contents and physical properties (browning index, 9.59 ± 0.44; hardness, 68.00 ± 8.19 N; chewiness, 29.32 ± 7.87 N and gumminess, 44.20 ± 5.45 N), whilst the consumer scores for sensory quality and overall acceptability increased when lower levels of Bambara groundnut were used in SB and SC. This shows that Bambara groundnut flour can improve the functionality and nutrient quality, but increasing the content in gluten-free noodles can decrease consumer acceptability.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jfq/5582669
spellingShingle Rosemond Godbless Dadzie
Jerry Ampofo-Asiama
Nazir Kizzie-Hayford
Gifty Serwaa Otoo
Isaaca Adade
Salifu Seidu-Larry
Sandra Voryehor
Jesse Baidooh
Emmanuel Azedaan Ayobe
Moro Shaibu Alima
Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour
Journal of Food Quality
title Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour
title_full Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour
title_fullStr Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour
title_full_unstemmed Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour
title_short Optimization and Determination of the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Gluten-Free Noodles Made From Cassava–Bambara Groundnut Composite Flour
title_sort optimization and determination of the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptability of gluten free noodles made from cassava bambara groundnut composite flour
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jfq/5582669
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