Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED

A quantum dipole interacting with an optical cavity is one of the key models in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED). To treat this system theoretically, the typical approach is to truncate the dipole to two levels. However, it has been shown that in the ultrastrong-coupling regime, this trun...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Salmon Will, Gustin Chris, Settineri Alessio, Di Stefano Omar, Zueco David, Savasta Salvatore, Nori Franco, Hughes Stephen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2022-03-01
Series:Nanophotonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0718
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850063089844617216
author Salmon Will
Gustin Chris
Settineri Alessio
Di Stefano Omar
Zueco David
Savasta Salvatore
Nori Franco
Hughes Stephen
author_facet Salmon Will
Gustin Chris
Settineri Alessio
Di Stefano Omar
Zueco David
Savasta Salvatore
Nori Franco
Hughes Stephen
author_sort Salmon Will
collection DOAJ
description A quantum dipole interacting with an optical cavity is one of the key models in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED). To treat this system theoretically, the typical approach is to truncate the dipole to two levels. However, it has been shown that in the ultrastrong-coupling regime, this truncation naively destroys gauge invariance. By truncating in a manner consistent with the gauge principle, we introduce master equations for open systems to compute gauge-invariant emission spectra, photon flux rates, and quantum correlation functions which show significant disagreement with previous results obtained using the standard quantum Rabi model. Explicit examples are shown using both the dipole gauge and the Coulomb gauge.
format Article
id doaj-art-44b759b4da6d44199ba7b592d9a91c9f
institution DOAJ
issn 2192-8614
language English
publishDate 2022-03-01
publisher De Gruyter
record_format Article
series Nanophotonics
spelling doaj-art-44b759b4da6d44199ba7b592d9a91c9f2025-08-20T02:49:46ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142022-03-011181573159010.1515/nanoph-2021-0718Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QEDSalmon Will0Gustin Chris1Settineri Alessio2Di Stefano Omar3Zueco David4Savasta Salvatore5Nori Franco6Hughes Stephen7Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, KingstonON K7L 3N6, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, KingstonON K7L 3N6, CanadaDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, MessinaI-98166, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, MessinaI-98166, ItalyInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza50009, SpainDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, MessinaI-98166, ItalyTheoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama351-0198, JapanDepartment of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, KingstonON K7L 3N6, CanadaA quantum dipole interacting with an optical cavity is one of the key models in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED). To treat this system theoretically, the typical approach is to truncate the dipole to two levels. However, it has been shown that in the ultrastrong-coupling regime, this truncation naively destroys gauge invariance. By truncating in a manner consistent with the gauge principle, we introduce master equations for open systems to compute gauge-invariant emission spectra, photon flux rates, and quantum correlation functions which show significant disagreement with previous results obtained using the standard quantum Rabi model. Explicit examples are shown using both the dipole gauge and the Coulomb gauge.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0718cavity-qedgauge invariancemaster equationsopen systemsquantum rabi modelultrastrong coupling
spellingShingle Salmon Will
Gustin Chris
Settineri Alessio
Di Stefano Omar
Zueco David
Savasta Salvatore
Nori Franco
Hughes Stephen
Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED
Nanophotonics
cavity-qed
gauge invariance
master equations
open systems
quantum rabi model
ultrastrong coupling
title Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED
title_full Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED
title_fullStr Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED
title_full_unstemmed Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED
title_short Gauge-independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity-QED
title_sort gauge independent emission spectra and quantum correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime of open system cavity qed
topic cavity-qed
gauge invariance
master equations
open systems
quantum rabi model
ultrastrong coupling
url https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0718
work_keys_str_mv AT salmonwill gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT gustinchris gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT settinerialessio gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT distefanoomar gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT zuecodavid gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT savastasalvatore gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT norifranco gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed
AT hughesstephen gaugeindependentemissionspectraandquantumcorrelationsintheultrastrongcouplingregimeofopensystemcavityqed