Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study

Abstract The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, based on percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1), has been widely adopted for assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. However, the STaging of Airflow obstruction...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hiroaki Ogata, Kazuya Tsubouchi, Tomotsugu Takano, Katsuyuki Ichiki, Ryo Torii, Shohei Takata, Noriaki Nakagaki, Makoto Yoshida, Yasuhiko Kitasato, Kazunori Tobino, Eiji Harada, Hiroshi Wataya, Hiroshi Ishii, Takashige Maeyama, Masayuki Kawasaki, Masaki Fujita, Kazuhiro Yatera, Yoshiaki Zaizen, Yoichi Nakanishi, Isamu Okamoto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05033-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850242981753257984
author Hiroaki Ogata
Kazuya Tsubouchi
Tomotsugu Takano
Katsuyuki Ichiki
Ryo Torii
Shohei Takata
Noriaki Nakagaki
Makoto Yoshida
Yasuhiko Kitasato
Kazunori Tobino
Eiji Harada
Hiroshi Wataya
Hiroshi Ishii
Takashige Maeyama
Masayuki Kawasaki
Masaki Fujita
Kazuhiro Yatera
Yoshiaki Zaizen
Yoichi Nakanishi
Isamu Okamoto
author_facet Hiroaki Ogata
Kazuya Tsubouchi
Tomotsugu Takano
Katsuyuki Ichiki
Ryo Torii
Shohei Takata
Noriaki Nakagaki
Makoto Yoshida
Yasuhiko Kitasato
Kazunori Tobino
Eiji Harada
Hiroshi Wataya
Hiroshi Ishii
Takashige Maeyama
Masayuki Kawasaki
Masaki Fujita
Kazuhiro Yatera
Yoshiaki Zaizen
Yoichi Nakanishi
Isamu Okamoto
author_sort Hiroaki Ogata
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, based on percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1), has been widely adopted for assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. However, the STaging of Airflow obstruction by Ratio (STAR) system, based on the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity, was recently proposed as an alternative classification. This study aimed to compare the prognostic performance of the GOLD and STAR classifications for prediction of mortality and exacerbation risk in individuals with COPD. This 5-year prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 370 individuals with COPD at 29 medical centers. All-cause mortality risk across GOLD and STAR stages was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. The risk of moderate to severe COPD exacerbations across GOLD and STAR stages was examined with cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves and Fine and Gray models. Both classification systems showed a significant association with mortality and exacerbation risk (P < 0.01 for trend). The GOLD classification provided a better separation of Kaplan-Meier and CIF curves for advanced stages, whereas the STAR classification showed a clearer distinction between stages I and II. These associations remained consistent after multivariable adjustments. The GOLD classification was superior for prediction of prognosis in advanced COPD, whereas the STAR classification provided better differentiation in early-stage disease. These findings highlight the complementary roles of the GOLD and STAR classifications in assessment of COPD severity.
format Article
id doaj-art-44986bae02ee496b9e55e0185d70b7d3
institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-44986bae02ee496b9e55e0185d70b7d32025-08-20T02:00:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-05033-wMortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort studyHiroaki Ogata0Kazuya Tsubouchi1Tomotsugu Takano2Katsuyuki Ichiki3Ryo Torii4Shohei Takata5Noriaki Nakagaki6Makoto Yoshida7Yasuhiko Kitasato8Kazunori Tobino9Eiji Harada10Hiroshi Wataya11Hiroshi Ishii12Takashige Maeyama13Masayuki Kawasaki14Masaki Fujita15Kazuhiro Yatera16Yoshiaki Zaizen17Yoichi Nakanishi18Isamu Okamoto19Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityKirigaoka Tsuda HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Fukuokahigashi Medical CenterDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Fukuoka National HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kurume General HospitalDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Aso Iizuka HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical CenterDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Harasanshin HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Chikushi HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Hamanomachi HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Omuta National HospitalDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of MedicineDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDivision of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of MedicineKitakyushu City Hospital OrganizationDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityAbstract The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, based on percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1), has been widely adopted for assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. However, the STaging of Airflow obstruction by Ratio (STAR) system, based on the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity, was recently proposed as an alternative classification. This study aimed to compare the prognostic performance of the GOLD and STAR classifications for prediction of mortality and exacerbation risk in individuals with COPD. This 5-year prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 370 individuals with COPD at 29 medical centers. All-cause mortality risk across GOLD and STAR stages was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. The risk of moderate to severe COPD exacerbations across GOLD and STAR stages was examined with cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves and Fine and Gray models. Both classification systems showed a significant association with mortality and exacerbation risk (P < 0.01 for trend). The GOLD classification provided a better separation of Kaplan-Meier and CIF curves for advanced stages, whereas the STAR classification showed a clearer distinction between stages I and II. These associations remained consistent after multivariable adjustments. The GOLD classification was superior for prediction of prognosis in advanced COPD, whereas the STAR classification provided better differentiation in early-stage disease. These findings highlight the complementary roles of the GOLD and STAR classifications in assessment of COPD severity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05033-wChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseForced expiratory volumePrognosis
spellingShingle Hiroaki Ogata
Kazuya Tsubouchi
Tomotsugu Takano
Katsuyuki Ichiki
Ryo Torii
Shohei Takata
Noriaki Nakagaki
Makoto Yoshida
Yasuhiko Kitasato
Kazunori Tobino
Eiji Harada
Hiroshi Wataya
Hiroshi Ishii
Takashige Maeyama
Masayuki Kawasaki
Masaki Fujita
Kazuhiro Yatera
Yoshiaki Zaizen
Yoichi Nakanishi
Isamu Okamoto
Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study
Scientific Reports
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Forced expiratory volume
Prognosis
title Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study
title_full Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study
title_short Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study
title_sort mortality and exacerbation risk according to gold and star severity stages of copd a 5 year multicenter prospective cohort study
topic Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Forced expiratory volume
Prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05033-w
work_keys_str_mv AT hiroakiogata mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT kazuyatsubouchi mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT tomotsugutakano mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT katsuyukiichiki mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT ryotorii mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT shoheitakata mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT noriakinakagaki mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT makotoyoshida mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT yasuhikokitasato mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT kazunoritobino mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT eijiharada mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT hiroshiwataya mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT hiroshiishii mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT takashigemaeyama mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT masayukikawasaki mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT masakifujita mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT kazuhiroyatera mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT yoshiakizaizen mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT yoichinakanishi mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy
AT isamuokamoto mortalityandexacerbationriskaccordingtogoldandstarseveritystagesofcopda5yearmulticenterprospectivecohortstudy