Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties

The objective of this study was to design an active packaging material based on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polypropylene (PP) film modified with a pullulan coating enriched with 1, 5, and 10% of clove essential oil (CEO). The physical properties of modified PET/PP films, including opacity, U...

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Main Authors: Karolina Kraśniewska, Małgorzata Gniewosz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2118
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author Karolina Kraśniewska
Małgorzata Gniewosz
author_facet Karolina Kraśniewska
Małgorzata Gniewosz
author_sort Karolina Kraśniewska
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this study was to design an active packaging material based on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polypropylene (PP) film modified with a pullulan coating enriched with 1, 5, and 10% of clove essential oil (CEO). The physical properties of modified PET/PP films, including opacity, UV, and light visible barrier properties, were evaluated, and calorimetric measurement of color (<i>L*a*b*</i>) was performed, followed by determination of their potential of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (<i>E. coli</i>, <i>S.</i> Enteritidis, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>) were characterized. Additionally, the effectiveness of the active packaging in reducing pathogenic bacteria on spinach leaves was evaluated. The PET/PP film with a pullulan coating enriched with CEO did not affect their transparency. The incorporation of CEO improved the film’s UV and visible light barrier properties without causing noticeable color changes while also exhibiting good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the application of active packaging effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria on spinach leaves, demonstrating its potential for food preservation.
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spelling doaj-art-44965b56dcf54f04bf137a0376c6cdc82025-08-20T03:14:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013010211810.3390/molecules30102118Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial PropertiesKarolina Kraśniewska0Małgorzata Gniewosz1Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW), Nowoursynowska Str., 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW), Nowoursynowska Str., 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandThe objective of this study was to design an active packaging material based on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polypropylene (PP) film modified with a pullulan coating enriched with 1, 5, and 10% of clove essential oil (CEO). The physical properties of modified PET/PP films, including opacity, UV, and light visible barrier properties, were evaluated, and calorimetric measurement of color (<i>L*a*b*</i>) was performed, followed by determination of their potential of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (<i>E. coli</i>, <i>S.</i> Enteritidis, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>) were characterized. Additionally, the effectiveness of the active packaging in reducing pathogenic bacteria on spinach leaves was evaluated. The PET/PP film with a pullulan coating enriched with CEO did not affect their transparency. The incorporation of CEO improved the film’s UV and visible light barrier properties without causing noticeable color changes while also exhibiting good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the application of active packaging effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria on spinach leaves, demonstrating its potential for food preservation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2118pullulanclove essential oilphysical propertiesantimicrobial and antioxidant activityactive packagingspinach leaves
spellingShingle Karolina Kraśniewska
Małgorzata Gniewosz
Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
Molecules
pullulan
clove essential oil
physical properties
antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
active packaging
spinach leaves
title Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
title_full Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
title_fullStr Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
title_full_unstemmed Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
title_short Active Packaging Based on a PET/PP Food-Grade Film Coated with Pullulan and Clove Essential Oil: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
title_sort active packaging based on a pet pp food grade film coated with pullulan and clove essential oil physicochemical and antimicrobial properties
topic pullulan
clove essential oil
physical properties
antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
active packaging
spinach leaves
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2118
work_keys_str_mv AT karolinakrasniewska activepackagingbasedonapetppfoodgradefilmcoatedwithpullulanandcloveessentialoilphysicochemicalandantimicrobialproperties
AT małgorzatagniewosz activepackagingbasedonapetppfoodgradefilmcoatedwithpullulanandcloveessentialoilphysicochemicalandantimicrobialproperties