Spindle Cell Carcinoma of Larynx: A Rare Case Report

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy affecting the larynx in the Indian population. Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), representing 2-3% of all laryngeal tumours and 1% of head and neck cancers, is a rare variant of SCC that includes a mesenchymal-like malignant spindle cell compo...

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Main Authors: Tanmay Chaudhari, Priya Elangbam, Mayur Ravindrarao Ambekar, Gundappa D Mahajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
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Online Access:https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20797/76884_CE[Ra1]_F(SS)_QC(SD_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_PFA_NC(IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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Summary:Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy affecting the larynx in the Indian population. Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), representing 2-3% of all laryngeal tumours and 1% of head and neck cancers, is a rare variant of SCC that includes a mesenchymal-like malignant spindle cell component. This tumour predominantly occurs in males over the age of 65 years. Known risk factors include smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Patients often present with hoarseness, as the glottis is the most frequently affected site in about 70% of cases. The tumour typically appears polypoid. Histopathological examination reveals that laryngeal SpCC is a biphasic tumour, consisting of both SCC and a malignant spindle cell component with mesenchymal characteristics but of monoclonal epithelial origin. The primary treatment for this condition is surgical excision, while radiotherapy is indicated for recurrent or more extensive tumours. In the present case report, the authors discussed a case of 45-year-old male patient who presented with a history of hoarseness of voice for one month. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a growth located on the anterior two-thirds of the right vocal cord, along with reduced mobility of that vocal cord. A biopsy was taken, and histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis reported the diagnosis as spindle cell variant SCC. The diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis, where tumour cells express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. The prognosis for laryngeal SpCC is generally poorer than that for laryngeal SCC, necessitating regular follow-up for affected patients. Benign laryngeal lesions that appear harmless should undergo a thorough evaluation and histopathological examination. This is crucial to identify rare conditions, such as sarcomatoid carcinoma, which can closely resemble benign lesions and require appropriate management.
ISSN:2249-782X
0973-709X