General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Belgian primary care is facing significant challenges due to increasing healthcare demands and an overall decline in the workforce. Most general practitioners (GPs) work solo or in mono-disciplinary practices, leading to suboptimal outcomes in areas such as preventive care and he...

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Main Authors: Hubert Jamart, Dionne Kringos, Dajana Tare, Aishwarya Chokshi, Anouk Tans, Isabelle Heymans, Ann Van den Bruel, Jean-Luc Belche
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Primary Care
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02783-4
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author Hubert Jamart
Dionne Kringos
Dajana Tare
Aishwarya Chokshi
Anouk Tans
Isabelle Heymans
Ann Van den Bruel
Jean-Luc Belche
author_facet Hubert Jamart
Dionne Kringos
Dajana Tare
Aishwarya Chokshi
Anouk Tans
Isabelle Heymans
Ann Van den Bruel
Jean-Luc Belche
author_sort Hubert Jamart
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Belgian primary care is facing significant challenges due to increasing healthcare demands and an overall decline in the workforce. Most general practitioners (GPs) work solo or in mono-disciplinary practices, leading to suboptimal outcomes in areas such as preventive care and health promotion. In response, the Ministry of Health introduced a “New-Deal” for GPs, which includes additional funding to support innovative practice organisation models. A think tank of GP representatives was established to guide the initiative, with input from practising GPs gathered for further insight. This study aims to identify the professionals needed to support GPs in daily practice, define their roles, and explore the conditions necessary for integrating them into the GP-centred model of care. Methods Eleven focus groups were conducted with 122 GPs, ensuring geographical and linguistic diversity across Belgium. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diverse range of organisational models across the country. A structured focus group guide was designed, incorporating three scenarios to examine tasks commonly encountered in GP practices. Data analysis was conducted using a codebook developed through an inductive approach. Results GPs expressed a preference for relatively small-scale teams, generally consisting of nurses and receptionists. The role of a practice assistant was more ambiguously defined, positioned between clinical and administrative responsibilities. Key tools for effective team integration included co-location, well-defined protocols, a shared electronic health record, care coordination, and unified logistical management, all of which are critical to fostering multidisciplinary collaboration. Conclusions This study explores Belgian GPs' preferences for integrating healthcare professionals into their practices, with team composition adjusted to workload and patient needs. However, the traditional autonomy of practice design may hinder change. Future research is needed to refine financial models and integration tools for collaborative care.
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spelling doaj-art-44734df2ba4a4ccd89374446ded60b8c2025-08-20T02:10:19ZengBMCBMC Primary Care2731-45532025-03-0126111010.1186/s12875-025-02783-4General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative studyHubert Jamart0Dionne Kringos1Dajana Tare2Aishwarya Chokshi3Anouk Tans4Isabelle Heymans5Ann Van den Bruel6Jean-Luc Belche7Department of General Practice, Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of LiègeDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Associate Professor in Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU LeuvenDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU LeuvenDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU LeuvenDepartment of General Practice, Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of LiègeDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, KU LeuvenDepartment of General Practice, Research Unit Primary Care & Health, University of LiègeAbstract Background Belgian primary care is facing significant challenges due to increasing healthcare demands and an overall decline in the workforce. Most general practitioners (GPs) work solo or in mono-disciplinary practices, leading to suboptimal outcomes in areas such as preventive care and health promotion. In response, the Ministry of Health introduced a “New-Deal” for GPs, which includes additional funding to support innovative practice organisation models. A think tank of GP representatives was established to guide the initiative, with input from practising GPs gathered for further insight. This study aims to identify the professionals needed to support GPs in daily practice, define their roles, and explore the conditions necessary for integrating them into the GP-centred model of care. Methods Eleven focus groups were conducted with 122 GPs, ensuring geographical and linguistic diversity across Belgium. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diverse range of organisational models across the country. A structured focus group guide was designed, incorporating three scenarios to examine tasks commonly encountered in GP practices. Data analysis was conducted using a codebook developed through an inductive approach. Results GPs expressed a preference for relatively small-scale teams, generally consisting of nurses and receptionists. The role of a practice assistant was more ambiguously defined, positioned between clinical and administrative responsibilities. Key tools for effective team integration included co-location, well-defined protocols, a shared electronic health record, care coordination, and unified logistical management, all of which are critical to fostering multidisciplinary collaboration. Conclusions This study explores Belgian GPs' preferences for integrating healthcare professionals into their practices, with team composition adjusted to workload and patient needs. However, the traditional autonomy of practice design may hinder change. Future research is needed to refine financial models and integration tools for collaborative care.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02783-4General practitionersPractice organisation modelsTeam integrationInterprofessional collaborationNursesReceptionists
spellingShingle Hubert Jamart
Dionne Kringos
Dajana Tare
Aishwarya Chokshi
Anouk Tans
Isabelle Heymans
Ann Van den Bruel
Jean-Luc Belche
General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study
BMC Primary Care
General practitioners
Practice organisation models
Team integration
Interprofessional collaboration
Nurses
Receptionists
title General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study
title_full General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study
title_fullStr General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study
title_short General practitioners’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in Belgium: a qualitative study
title_sort general practitioners perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in belgium a qualitative study
topic General practitioners
Practice organisation models
Team integration
Interprofessional collaboration
Nurses
Receptionists
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02783-4
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