Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), valued for their high energy density, long lifespan, and low environmental impact, are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage. However, increased energy density has exacerbated thermal runaway (TR) issues, hindering large-scale applications. This pape...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/2/81 |
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| author | Peicheng Shi Hailong Zhu Xinlong Dong Bin Hai |
| author_facet | Peicheng Shi Hailong Zhu Xinlong Dong Bin Hai |
| author_sort | Peicheng Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), valued for their high energy density, long lifespan, and low environmental impact, are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage. However, increased energy density has exacerbated thermal runaway (TR) issues, hindering large-scale applications. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms of TR and strategies for early warning and prevention to enhance battery safety. It begins by detailing TR mechanisms and their triggers, then reviews various TR early warning technologies, fire prevention methods, and the effectiveness and mechanisms of novel extinguishing agents such as hydrogels, perfluorohexanone, liquid nitrogen (LN), dry powder, and aqueous vermiculite dispersion (AVD). The study also explores advancements in new fire-retardant coatings for batteries. Finally, it summarizes current challenges and forecasts future research directions in battery technology. This review offers readers a clear, systematic overview of TR mechanisms, warning systems, and prevention technologies, providing comprehensive insights into TR management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4462ab8ad51c4e55a0e91a0dff472b76 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2032-6653 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-4462ab8ad51c4e55a0e91a0dff472b762025-08-20T02:03:42ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-02-011628110.3390/wevj16020081Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion BatteriesPeicheng Shi0Hailong Zhu1Xinlong Dong2Bin Hai3School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaProspective and Pre-Research Technology Center, Chery Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241006, ChinaLithium-ion batteries (LIBs), valued for their high energy density, long lifespan, and low environmental impact, are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage. However, increased energy density has exacerbated thermal runaway (TR) issues, hindering large-scale applications. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms of TR and strategies for early warning and prevention to enhance battery safety. It begins by detailing TR mechanisms and their triggers, then reviews various TR early warning technologies, fire prevention methods, and the effectiveness and mechanisms of novel extinguishing agents such as hydrogels, perfluorohexanone, liquid nitrogen (LN), dry powder, and aqueous vermiculite dispersion (AVD). The study also explores advancements in new fire-retardant coatings for batteries. Finally, it summarizes current challenges and forecasts future research directions in battery technology. This review offers readers a clear, systematic overview of TR mechanisms, warning systems, and prevention technologies, providing comprehensive insights into TR management.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/2/81electric vehicleslithium-ion batteriesthermal runawayearly warningprevention |
| spellingShingle | Peicheng Shi Hailong Zhu Xinlong Dong Bin Hai Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries World Electric Vehicle Journal electric vehicles lithium-ion batteries thermal runaway early warning prevention |
| title | Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Warning Methods and Fire Extinguishing Technologies for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | research progress on thermal runaway warning methods and fire extinguishing technologies for lithium ion batteries |
| topic | electric vehicles lithium-ion batteries thermal runaway early warning prevention |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/2/81 |
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