Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Abstract Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, where alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3.64% and 2.37%, respectively. Recent settlement expansion in the regi...
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01316-6 |
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| author | Qian Wang Yifei Wang Zhaohui Luo Sha Liao Wenjie Yu Guangjia Zhang Liu Yang Wei He Zhongshuang Zhang Diming Cai Jun Liu Guo Zhou Yongzhong Li Yan Huang Ruirui Li Qi Wang Renxin Yao Quzhen Gongsang |
| author_facet | Qian Wang Yifei Wang Zhaohui Luo Sha Liao Wenjie Yu Guangjia Zhang Liu Yang Wei He Zhongshuang Zhang Diming Cai Jun Liu Guo Zhou Yongzhong Li Yan Huang Ruirui Li Qi Wang Renxin Yao Quzhen Gongsang |
| author_sort | Qian Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, where alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3.64% and 2.37%, respectively. Recent settlement expansion in the region has raised concerns, as smaller, remote settlements often lacked waste disposal and sewage systems, potentially facilitating echinococcosis transmission. The aim of this study is to investigate how settlement characteristics influence echinococcosis transmission. Findings The study was conducted from 2022–2024 in nomadic communities of Shiqu County in China. The overall prevalence rate of echinococcosis in 51 settlements was found to be 2.34% (321/13,701; 95% CI: 2.10–2.61), which included a prevalence rate of 1.62% (222/13,701; 95% CI: 1.42–1.85) for AE and a prevalence rate of 0.72% (99/13,701; 95% CI: 0.59–0.88) for CE. The prevalence rate of AE was significantly (χ 2 = 49.57, P < 0.01) higher than that of CE. Settlements with a smaller population size (Z = -4.27, P < 0.01), a greater distance to the township center (Z = 2.66, P < 0.01) and a higher density of owned dogs (Z = 5.90, P < 0.01) were associated with higher prevalence rates of CE. These associations were also observed for AE prevalence, except for the density of owned dogs. Conclusions This study indicates that the transmission of AE was more active than that of CE in the nomadic communities. Smaller, remote settlements had higher prevalence rates for both CE and AE. The density of owned dogs was a significant risk factor for CE prevalence but not for AE prevalence. Targeted interventions are needed in these high-risk settlements. Future research should investigate how settlement characteristics interact with hygiene practices, the infection status of intermediate and definitive hosts, and their population dynamics to better understand combined effects on echinococcosis prevalence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-44566bc87e044fb6a49ebe523e017c82 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2049-9957 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
| spelling | doaj-art-44566bc87e044fb6a49ebe523e017c822025-08-20T03:21:06ZengBMCInfectious Diseases of Poverty2049-99572025-06-011411710.1186/s40249-025-01316-6Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, ChinaQian Wang0Yifei Wang1Zhaohui Luo2Sha Liao3Wenjie Yu4Guangjia Zhang5Liu Yang6Wei He7Zhongshuang Zhang8Diming Cai9Jun Liu10Guo Zhou11Yongzhong Li12Yan Huang13Ruirui Li14Qi Wang15Renxin Yao16Quzhen Gongsang17Sichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityTibet Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversitySichuan Provincial People’s HospitalSichuan Provincial People’s HospitalWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversitySichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionSichuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionTibet Center for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, where alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3.64% and 2.37%, respectively. Recent settlement expansion in the region has raised concerns, as smaller, remote settlements often lacked waste disposal and sewage systems, potentially facilitating echinococcosis transmission. The aim of this study is to investigate how settlement characteristics influence echinococcosis transmission. Findings The study was conducted from 2022–2024 in nomadic communities of Shiqu County in China. The overall prevalence rate of echinococcosis in 51 settlements was found to be 2.34% (321/13,701; 95% CI: 2.10–2.61), which included a prevalence rate of 1.62% (222/13,701; 95% CI: 1.42–1.85) for AE and a prevalence rate of 0.72% (99/13,701; 95% CI: 0.59–0.88) for CE. The prevalence rate of AE was significantly (χ 2 = 49.57, P < 0.01) higher than that of CE. Settlements with a smaller population size (Z = -4.27, P < 0.01), a greater distance to the township center (Z = 2.66, P < 0.01) and a higher density of owned dogs (Z = 5.90, P < 0.01) were associated with higher prevalence rates of CE. These associations were also observed for AE prevalence, except for the density of owned dogs. Conclusions This study indicates that the transmission of AE was more active than that of CE in the nomadic communities. Smaller, remote settlements had higher prevalence rates for both CE and AE. The density of owned dogs was a significant risk factor for CE prevalence but not for AE prevalence. Targeted interventions are needed in these high-risk settlements. Future research should investigate how settlement characteristics interact with hygiene practices, the infection status of intermediate and definitive hosts, and their population dynamics to better understand combined effects on echinococcosis prevalence.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01316-6EchinococcosisCystic echinococcosisAlveolar echinococcosisSettlement characteristicsTransmissionNomadic community |
| spellingShingle | Qian Wang Yifei Wang Zhaohui Luo Sha Liao Wenjie Yu Guangjia Zhang Liu Yang Wei He Zhongshuang Zhang Diming Cai Jun Liu Guo Zhou Yongzhong Li Yan Huang Ruirui Li Qi Wang Renxin Yao Quzhen Gongsang Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China Infectious Diseases of Poverty Echinococcosis Cystic echinococcosis Alveolar echinococcosis Settlement characteristics Transmission Nomadic community |
| title | Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China |
| title_full | Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China |
| title_fullStr | Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China |
| title_short | Settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis: a cross-sectional study in nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China |
| title_sort | settlement characteristics and transmission of echinococcosis a cross sectional study in nomadic communities on the qinghai tibet plateau china |
| topic | Echinococcosis Cystic echinococcosis Alveolar echinococcosis Settlement characteristics Transmission Nomadic community |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01316-6 |
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