Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast

Abstract Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to long-term sea level rise and fluctuations driven by climate variability. While recent advances in coupled climate models enable sea level predictions several months in advance, further efforts are needed to assess and enhance seasonal predi...

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Main Authors: Qinxue Gu, Liwei Jia, Liping Zhang, Thomas L. Delworth, Xiaosong Yang, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Feiyu Lu, Colleen E. McHugh, William F. Cooke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01182-x
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author Qinxue Gu
Liwei Jia
Liping Zhang
Thomas L. Delworth
Xiaosong Yang
Nathaniel C. Johnson
Feiyu Lu
Colleen E. McHugh
William F. Cooke
author_facet Qinxue Gu
Liwei Jia
Liping Zhang
Thomas L. Delworth
Xiaosong Yang
Nathaniel C. Johnson
Feiyu Lu
Colleen E. McHugh
William F. Cooke
author_sort Qinxue Gu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to long-term sea level rise and fluctuations driven by climate variability. While recent advances in coupled climate models enable sea level predictions several months in advance, further efforts are needed to assess and enhance seasonal prediction of coastal sea level. In this study, we evaluate seasonal prediction skill for large-scale and coastal sea level along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast using multiple forecast systems. Prediction skill peaks in the tropical Indo-Pacific and extends into the eastern North Pacific, declining from south to north along the coast. Using self-organizing maps (SOMs), a machine learning technique, we identify sources of large-scale sea level variability and predictability in the eastern tropical and North Pacific, closely linked to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Finally, we improve coastal sea level predictions from dynamical models by leveraging the connection between large-scale and coastal sea level through SOM-reconstructed and model-analog approaches.
format Article
id doaj-art-4443fdca2fb14bc8a493c355b6e37cc3
institution Kabale University
issn 2397-3722
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-4443fdca2fb14bc8a493c355b6e37cc32025-08-20T03:42:30ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-08-018111410.1038/s41612-025-01182-xBridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West CoastQinxue Gu0Liwei Jia1Liping Zhang2Thomas L. Delworth3Xiaosong Yang4Nathaniel C. Johnson5Feiyu Lu6Colleen E. McHugh7William F. Cooke8The Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton UniversityNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryAbstract Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to long-term sea level rise and fluctuations driven by climate variability. While recent advances in coupled climate models enable sea level predictions several months in advance, further efforts are needed to assess and enhance seasonal prediction of coastal sea level. In this study, we evaluate seasonal prediction skill for large-scale and coastal sea level along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast using multiple forecast systems. Prediction skill peaks in the tropical Indo-Pacific and extends into the eastern North Pacific, declining from south to north along the coast. Using self-organizing maps (SOMs), a machine learning technique, we identify sources of large-scale sea level variability and predictability in the eastern tropical and North Pacific, closely linked to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Finally, we improve coastal sea level predictions from dynamical models by leveraging the connection between large-scale and coastal sea level through SOM-reconstructed and model-analog approaches.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01182-x
spellingShingle Qinxue Gu
Liwei Jia
Liping Zhang
Thomas L. Delworth
Xiaosong Yang
Nathaniel C. Johnson
Feiyu Lu
Colleen E. McHugh
William F. Cooke
Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast
title_full Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast
title_fullStr Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast
title_full_unstemmed Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast
title_short Bridging large-scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the U.S. and Canadian West Coast
title_sort bridging large scale and coastal variability to improve seasonal sea level predictions along the u s and canadian west coast
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01182-x
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