Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework

In light of the difficulties posed by optimizing and scheduling the integration of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid, this study introduces a real-time optimization approach rooted in dynamic non-cooperative game theory. An equivalent model of the EV cluster is constructed, and...

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Main Authors: Aifang Yan, Xiaopeng Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080423/
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author Aifang Yan
Xiaopeng Chen
author_facet Aifang Yan
Xiaopeng Chen
author_sort Aifang Yan
collection DOAJ
description In light of the difficulties posed by optimizing and scheduling the integration of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid, this study introduces a real-time optimization approach rooted in dynamic non-cooperative game theory. An equivalent model of the EV cluster is constructed, and the unique Nash equilibrium of the game model is proven using complete potential game theory. A distributed real-time optimization approach is then implemented through the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Simulations are conducted across three scenarios: disordered charging, orderly charging, and orderly charging with energy storage. The results indicate that disordered charging increases the grid load peak and exacerbates the peak-valley difference, while orderly charging reduces the peak-valley difference by 15.35%. When energy storage is optimally configured, the peak-valley difference is reduced by up to 20.65%. Additionally, in the orderly charging scenario, the average electricity purchasing cost for EVs drops by 8.72%, and the peak cost decreases by 10.4%. The system demonstrates high computational efficiency with response times in the millisecond range for different EVA (Electric Vehicle Aggregator) charging strategies. The probabilistic model used for predicting EV charging loads achieves an average error rate of less than 5%, ensuring accurate and stable scheduling. These findings show that the proposed method not only reduces grid load fluctuations and achieves peak shaving and valley filling but also lowers charging aggregators’ (EVA) purchasing costs, offering stability in optimization results and excellent performance in computation time and user privacy protection.
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spelling doaj-art-44344e77a5bd42dfa8d3e917b3974c6e2025-08-20T03:09:37ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011313112813114010.1109/ACCESS.2025.358929711080423Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic FrameworkAifang Yan0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5635-9675Xiaopeng Chen1Changsha Vocational and Technical College, Changsha, ChinaChangsha Vocational and Technical College, Changsha, ChinaIn light of the difficulties posed by optimizing and scheduling the integration of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid, this study introduces a real-time optimization approach rooted in dynamic non-cooperative game theory. An equivalent model of the EV cluster is constructed, and the unique Nash equilibrium of the game model is proven using complete potential game theory. A distributed real-time optimization approach is then implemented through the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Simulations are conducted across three scenarios: disordered charging, orderly charging, and orderly charging with energy storage. The results indicate that disordered charging increases the grid load peak and exacerbates the peak-valley difference, while orderly charging reduces the peak-valley difference by 15.35%. When energy storage is optimally configured, the peak-valley difference is reduced by up to 20.65%. Additionally, in the orderly charging scenario, the average electricity purchasing cost for EVs drops by 8.72%, and the peak cost decreases by 10.4%. The system demonstrates high computational efficiency with response times in the millisecond range for different EVA (Electric Vehicle Aggregator) charging strategies. The probabilistic model used for predicting EV charging loads achieves an average error rate of less than 5%, ensuring accurate and stable scheduling. These findings show that the proposed method not only reduces grid load fluctuations and achieves peak shaving and valley filling but also lowers charging aggregators’ (EVA) purchasing costs, offering stability in optimization results and excellent performance in computation time and user privacy protection.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080423/Dynamic non-cooperative gamelarge-scale electric vehiclesreal-time optimal dispatchdistributed optimizationoptical storage charging station
spellingShingle Aifang Yan
Xiaopeng Chen
Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework
IEEE Access
Dynamic non-cooperative game
large-scale electric vehicles
real-time optimal dispatch
distributed optimization
optical storage charging station
title Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework
title_full Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework
title_fullStr Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework
title_short Optimizing EV Charging in Real-Time With a Distributed Game-Theoretic Framework
title_sort optimizing ev charging in real time with a distributed game theoretic framework
topic Dynamic non-cooperative game
large-scale electric vehicles
real-time optimal dispatch
distributed optimization
optical storage charging station
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080423/
work_keys_str_mv AT aifangyan optimizingevcharginginrealtimewithadistributedgametheoreticframework
AT xiaopengchen optimizingevcharginginrealtimewithadistributedgametheoreticframework