Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland
Abstract Volcanoes in extensional environments may show gradual subsidence over decades during quiescent periods, due to various processes such as magma withdrawal, cooling, contraction, plate spreading and viscoelastic response. If significant rheological anomalies reside in volcano roots, due to t...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110299 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849773202502320128 |
|---|---|
| author | Chiara Lanzi Freysteinn Sigmundsson Michelle Maree Parks Halldór Geirsson Vincent Drouin |
| author_facet | Chiara Lanzi Freysteinn Sigmundsson Michelle Maree Parks Halldór Geirsson Vincent Drouin |
| author_sort | Chiara Lanzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Volcanoes in extensional environments may show gradual subsidence over decades during quiescent periods, due to various processes such as magma withdrawal, cooling, contraction, plate spreading and viscoelastic response. If significant rheological anomalies reside in volcano roots, due to the presence of magma and hot rock, they can influence the style of deformation. We use Finite Element Method (FEM) models to explore how strain localization due to extension can lead to volcano deflation. We apply rheological models comprising an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic domain and include local up‐doming regions of low viscosity material beneath volcanic centers. The models reveal a localized subsidence above the rheological anomaly, influenced by the tectonic extension, and by the up‐doming volume and its viscosity. The models suggest that plate divergence may account for 4–5 mm/yr of observed subsidence at Krafla and Askja volcanic systems (KVS and AVS, respectively) in North Iceland. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-442cff3b3a254b9cbbd9e25e33cd82d2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-442cff3b3a254b9cbbd9e25e33cd82d22025-08-20T03:02:07ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-11-015121n/an/a10.1029/2024GL110299Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North IcelandChiara Lanzi0Freysteinn Sigmundsson1Michelle Maree Parks2Halldór Geirsson3Vincent Drouin4Nordic Volcanological Center Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandNordic Volcanological Center Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandIcelandic Metereological Office Reykjavík IcelandNordic Volcanological Center Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandIcelandic Metereological Office Reykjavík IcelandAbstract Volcanoes in extensional environments may show gradual subsidence over decades during quiescent periods, due to various processes such as magma withdrawal, cooling, contraction, plate spreading and viscoelastic response. If significant rheological anomalies reside in volcano roots, due to the presence of magma and hot rock, they can influence the style of deformation. We use Finite Element Method (FEM) models to explore how strain localization due to extension can lead to volcano deflation. We apply rheological models comprising an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic domain and include local up‐doming regions of low viscosity material beneath volcanic centers. The models reveal a localized subsidence above the rheological anomaly, influenced by the tectonic extension, and by the up‐doming volume and its viscosity. The models suggest that plate divergence may account for 4–5 mm/yr of observed subsidence at Krafla and Askja volcanic systems (KVS and AVS, respectively) in North Iceland.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110299askja calderakrafla calderanumerical modelingInSAR observationsextensional tectonic setting |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Lanzi Freysteinn Sigmundsson Michelle Maree Parks Halldór Geirsson Vincent Drouin Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland Geophysical Research Letters askja caldera krafla caldera numerical modeling InSAR observations extensional tectonic setting |
| title | Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland |
| title_full | Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland |
| title_fullStr | Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland |
| title_short | Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland |
| title_sort | strain localization at volcanoes undergoing extension investigation of long term deformation at krafla and askja volcanic systems in north iceland |
| topic | askja caldera krafla caldera numerical modeling InSAR observations extensional tectonic setting |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110299 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chiaralanzi strainlocalizationatvolcanoesundergoingextensioninvestigationoflongtermdeformationatkraflaandaskjavolcanicsystemsinnorthiceland AT freysteinnsigmundsson strainlocalizationatvolcanoesundergoingextensioninvestigationoflongtermdeformationatkraflaandaskjavolcanicsystemsinnorthiceland AT michellemareeparks strainlocalizationatvolcanoesundergoingextensioninvestigationoflongtermdeformationatkraflaandaskjavolcanicsystemsinnorthiceland AT halldorgeirsson strainlocalizationatvolcanoesundergoingextensioninvestigationoflongtermdeformationatkraflaandaskjavolcanicsystemsinnorthiceland AT vincentdrouin strainlocalizationatvolcanoesundergoingextensioninvestigationoflongtermdeformationatkraflaandaskjavolcanicsystemsinnorthiceland |