Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength

Most existing polymer plastics are nonreusable and also exhibit poor biocompatibility and a poor mechanical strength–tensile strain balance. Herein, using deep eutectic polymers, we prepare reusable hydrophilic supramolecular dry gel plastics with balanced stress–strain characteristics through the h...

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Main Authors: Hanyu Zhao, Ying Jia, Ling Cai, Xiaochun Wang, Minghui He, Guangxue Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Gels
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/421
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author Hanyu Zhao
Ying Jia
Ling Cai
Xiaochun Wang
Minghui He
Guangxue Chen
author_facet Hanyu Zhao
Ying Jia
Ling Cai
Xiaochun Wang
Minghui He
Guangxue Chen
author_sort Hanyu Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Most existing polymer plastics are nonreusable and also exhibit poor biocompatibility and a poor mechanical strength–tensile strain balance. Herein, using deep eutectic polymers, we prepare reusable hydrophilic supramolecular dry gel plastics with balanced stress–strain characteristics through the hydrogen bonding of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with betaine (Bta). As PVA exhibits crystalline stiffness and abundant hydrogen-bonding sites, it is employed as a network backbone in the proposed deep eutectic supramolecular polymers. In the prepared PVA/Bta dry gel plastics, PVA and Bta are dynamically and physically crosslinked through high-density hydrogen bonding, resulting in a yield strength of ~109 MPa and toughness of up to ~210.92 MJ m<sup>−3</sup>. In addition, these plastics can be recycled at least five times in an aqueous environment while maintaining a mechanical strength of 100 MPa. Furthermore, the proposed polymers exhibit high transparency (92%) in the visible spectrum. We expect these polymers to be used in synthesizing biodegradable dry gel plastics, as well as to lead to the development of recyclable deep eutectic PVA/Bta polymers with remarkable strength.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2310-2861
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Gels
spelling doaj-art-4428f8d40e4344cfaec363cf400d46e32025-08-20T03:27:07ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-05-0111642110.3390/gels11060421Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical StrengthHanyu Zhao0Ying Jia1Ling Cai2Xiaochun Wang3Minghui He4Guangxue Chen5State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDivision of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAState Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaMost existing polymer plastics are nonreusable and also exhibit poor biocompatibility and a poor mechanical strength–tensile strain balance. Herein, using deep eutectic polymers, we prepare reusable hydrophilic supramolecular dry gel plastics with balanced stress–strain characteristics through the hydrogen bonding of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with betaine (Bta). As PVA exhibits crystalline stiffness and abundant hydrogen-bonding sites, it is employed as a network backbone in the proposed deep eutectic supramolecular polymers. In the prepared PVA/Bta dry gel plastics, PVA and Bta are dynamically and physically crosslinked through high-density hydrogen bonding, resulting in a yield strength of ~109 MPa and toughness of up to ~210.92 MJ m<sup>−3</sup>. In addition, these plastics can be recycled at least five times in an aqueous environment while maintaining a mechanical strength of 100 MPa. Furthermore, the proposed polymers exhibit high transparency (92%) in the visible spectrum. We expect these polymers to be used in synthesizing biodegradable dry gel plastics, as well as to lead to the development of recyclable deep eutectic PVA/Bta polymers with remarkable strength.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/421deep eutectic polymerdry gelpolymerbiodegradable
spellingShingle Hanyu Zhao
Ying Jia
Ling Cai
Xiaochun Wang
Minghui He
Guangxue Chen
Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength
Gels
deep eutectic polymer
dry gel
polymer
biodegradable
title Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength
title_full Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength
title_fullStr Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength
title_full_unstemmed Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength
title_short Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength
title_sort recyclable and degradable poly vinyl alcohol betaine based deep eutectic polymer dry gel plastics with a high mechanical strength
topic deep eutectic polymer
dry gel
polymer
biodegradable
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/421
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AT lingcai recyclableanddegradablepolyvinylalcoholbetainebaseddeepeutecticpolymerdrygelplasticswithahighmechanicalstrength
AT xiaochunwang recyclableanddegradablepolyvinylalcoholbetainebaseddeepeutecticpolymerdrygelplasticswithahighmechanicalstrength
AT minghuihe recyclableanddegradablepolyvinylalcoholbetainebaseddeepeutecticpolymerdrygelplasticswithahighmechanicalstrength
AT guangxuechen recyclableanddegradablepolyvinylalcoholbetainebaseddeepeutecticpolymerdrygelplasticswithahighmechanicalstrength