Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.

ABSTRACT Climate change‐induced heat stress significantly threatens cotton production in the Southern United States, reducing yields and farm revenue. This study quantifies the impact of rising temperatures using a multilevel regression model applied to historical climate and yield data (1980–2018)...

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Main Authors: Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel, McCallister Donna, Gao Long, Bastos Leonardo, Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70070
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author Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel
McCallister Donna
Gao Long
Bastos Leonardo
Jagadish S. V. Krishna
author_facet Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel
McCallister Donna
Gao Long
Bastos Leonardo
Jagadish S. V. Krishna
author_sort Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Climate change‐induced heat stress significantly threatens cotton production in the Southern United States, reducing yields and farm revenue. This study quantifies the impact of rising temperatures using a multilevel regression model applied to historical climate and yield data (1980–2018) from key cotton‐growing regions. The analysis examines how maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, and growing degree days influence yield at different growth stages. Results show that a 1°C increase in maximum temperature during the flowering stage (TmaxGS2) reduces cotton yield by 5.5%, leading to revenue losses of up to $219 per acre. Conversely, higher precipitation during critical growth periods increases yield by 183 lb/acre, partially offsetting heat stress effects. Given these findings, adaptation strategies are essential. We recommend the development of heat‐tolerant cotton varieties, improved irrigation management, and expanded financial support programmes, including climate‐based crop insurance. Additionally, optimising planting schedules and adopting precision agriculture can help mitigate yield losses. These measures will strengthen the resilience of cotton farming against escalating climate risks, ensuring long‐term sustainability. This study provides valuable insights for farmers, policymakers, and researchers working to safeguard cotton production in a changing climate.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2767-035X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-44151ee6972b44b4b5cc132f4243b9182025-08-20T03:32:41ZengWileyJournal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment2767-035X2025-06-0142n/an/a10.1002/sae2.70070Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel0McCallister Donna1Gao Long2Bastos Leonardo3Jagadish S. V. Krishna4Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USADepartment of Agricultural and Applied Economics Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USADepartment of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Sciences Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville Texas USADepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia USADepartment of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USAABSTRACT Climate change‐induced heat stress significantly threatens cotton production in the Southern United States, reducing yields and farm revenue. This study quantifies the impact of rising temperatures using a multilevel regression model applied to historical climate and yield data (1980–2018) from key cotton‐growing regions. The analysis examines how maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, and growing degree days influence yield at different growth stages. Results show that a 1°C increase in maximum temperature during the flowering stage (TmaxGS2) reduces cotton yield by 5.5%, leading to revenue losses of up to $219 per acre. Conversely, higher precipitation during critical growth periods increases yield by 183 lb/acre, partially offsetting heat stress effects. Given these findings, adaptation strategies are essential. We recommend the development of heat‐tolerant cotton varieties, improved irrigation management, and expanded financial support programmes, including climate‐based crop insurance. Additionally, optimising planting schedules and adopting precision agriculture can help mitigate yield losses. These measures will strengthen the resilience of cotton farming against escalating climate risks, ensuring long‐term sustainability. This study provides valuable insights for farmers, policymakers, and researchers working to safeguard cotton production in a changing climate.https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70070
spellingShingle Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel
McCallister Donna
Gao Long
Bastos Leonardo
Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
title Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.
title_full Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.
title_fullStr Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.
title_short Assessing Heat Stress Impacts on Cotton Yield and Revenue: A Multilevel Regression Approach in the Southern U.S.
title_sort assessing heat stress impacts on cotton yield and revenue a multilevel regression approach in the southern u s
url https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70070
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AT gaolong assessingheatstressimpactsoncottonyieldandrevenueamultilevelregressionapproachinthesouthernus
AT bastosleonardo assessingheatstressimpactsoncottonyieldandrevenueamultilevelregressionapproachinthesouthernus
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