Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women

Abstract Background While traditional logistic regression emphasizes main effects with limited capacity for interaction detection, emerging decision trees excel in uncovering complex associations. However, no studies have yet integrated both approaches to investigate postpartum posttraumatic stress...

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Main Authors: Xiao Fei Nie, Lan Lan Xu, Wen Ping Guo, Jin Hui Li, Li Cheng, Tao Tao Zhang, Jun-Yan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07261-w
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author Xiao Fei Nie
Lan Lan Xu
Wen Ping Guo
Jin Hui Li
Li Cheng
Tao Tao Zhang
Jun-Yan Li
author_facet Xiao Fei Nie
Lan Lan Xu
Wen Ping Guo
Jin Hui Li
Li Cheng
Tao Tao Zhang
Jun-Yan Li
author_sort Xiao Fei Nie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background While traditional logistic regression emphasizes main effects with limited capacity for interaction detection, emerging decision trees excel in uncovering complex associations. However, no studies have yet integrated both approaches to investigate postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD). This study aims to explore the factors associated with postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) in Chinese women using decision tree and logistic regression models, while also comparing the predictive performance of both approaches. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited postpartum women using convenience sampling between June 2021 and December 2022. PTSD was assessed using the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS). The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were employed to evaluate perceived social support, psychological coping strategies, pregnancy stress and resilience, respectively. Decision tree and logistic regression models were applied to identify factors associated with PTSD. Results Among 704 valid participants, 36 (5.11%) screened positive for PP-PTSD. Logistic regression identified postpartum duration, sleep quality, pregnancy stress, family support, and positive coping as significant predictors of PP-PTSD (p < 0.05). The decision tree model highlighted postpartum sleep quality as the primary determinant, followed by pregnancy stress and postpartum duration. While both models achieved perfect sensitivity (100%), logistic regression demonstrated superior overall performance, with a 2.28% higher classification accuracy (97.73% vs. 95.45%) and enhanced specificity (97.9% vs. 88.9%). The AUC values further validated this advantage (0.992 vs. 0.968). Conclusions This study utilized Logistic Regression and Decision Tree models to identify key factors influencing PP-PTSD, which include postpartum duration, sleep quality, pregnancy stress, family support, and positive coping. The identified modifiable factors enable targeted PP-PTSD prevention, with Logistic Regression providing high-accuracy screening tools and Decision Trees simplifying risk assessment in community settings.
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spelling doaj-art-440257e9ae9e4b7495f80f707b697fd92025-08-24T11:42:48ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-08-0125111210.1186/s12888-025-07261-wUnveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese womenXiao Fei Nie0Lan Lan Xu1Wen Ping Guo2Jin Hui Li3Li Cheng4Tao Tao Zhang5Jun-Yan Li6School of nursing, Hubei University of MedicineSchool of nursing, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan RenMin Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine)School of nursing, Hubei University of MedicineSchool of nursing, Hubei University of MedicineSchool of nursing, Hubei University of MedicineSchool of nursing, The University of Hong KongAbstract Background While traditional logistic regression emphasizes main effects with limited capacity for interaction detection, emerging decision trees excel in uncovering complex associations. However, no studies have yet integrated both approaches to investigate postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD). This study aims to explore the factors associated with postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) in Chinese women using decision tree and logistic regression models, while also comparing the predictive performance of both approaches. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited postpartum women using convenience sampling between June 2021 and December 2022. PTSD was assessed using the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS). The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were employed to evaluate perceived social support, psychological coping strategies, pregnancy stress and resilience, respectively. Decision tree and logistic regression models were applied to identify factors associated with PTSD. Results Among 704 valid participants, 36 (5.11%) screened positive for PP-PTSD. Logistic regression identified postpartum duration, sleep quality, pregnancy stress, family support, and positive coping as significant predictors of PP-PTSD (p < 0.05). The decision tree model highlighted postpartum sleep quality as the primary determinant, followed by pregnancy stress and postpartum duration. While both models achieved perfect sensitivity (100%), logistic regression demonstrated superior overall performance, with a 2.28% higher classification accuracy (97.73% vs. 95.45%) and enhanced specificity (97.9% vs. 88.9%). The AUC values further validated this advantage (0.992 vs. 0.968). Conclusions This study utilized Logistic Regression and Decision Tree models to identify key factors influencing PP-PTSD, which include postpartum duration, sleep quality, pregnancy stress, family support, and positive coping. The identified modifiable factors enable targeted PP-PTSD prevention, with Logistic Regression providing high-accuracy screening tools and Decision Trees simplifying risk assessment in community settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07261-wLogistic regressionDecision tree modelsPTSDRisk factors
spellingShingle Xiao Fei Nie
Lan Lan Xu
Wen Ping Guo
Jin Hui Li
Li Cheng
Tao Tao Zhang
Jun-Yan Li
Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women
BMC Psychiatry
Logistic regression
Decision tree models
PTSD
Risk factors
title Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women
title_full Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women
title_fullStr Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women
title_short Unveiling postpartum PTSD: predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in Chinese women
title_sort unveiling postpartum ptsd predicting risk factors using decision trees and logistic regression in chinese women
topic Logistic regression
Decision tree models
PTSD
Risk factors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07261-w
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